---
title: The Silk Road appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan… — Afghanistan · tree and pragmatics
description: The Silk Road appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan flourished with trade, with routes to China, India, Persia, and north to the cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Khiva in present-day Uzbekistan. Who acts: Silk Road, Afghanistan. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Afghanistan» with its depe
---

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# Afghanistan, sentence 59

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From Wikipedia, [«Afghanistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Silk Road appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan flourished with trade, with routes to China, India, Persia, and north to the cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Khiva in present-day Uzbekistan.

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**Who acts:** Silk Road, Afghanistan · **What happens:** appear, flourish · **To what, where:** Khiva Uzbekistan

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Silk Road, Afghanistan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Afghanistan:59
# text = The Silk Road appeared during the first century BCE, and Afghanistan flourished with trade, with routes to China, India, Persia, and north to the cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Khiva in present-day Uzbekistan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Silk	Silk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Road	Road	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	BCE	BCE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	flourished	flourish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	routes	route	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Persia	Persia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	north	north	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Bukhara	Bukhara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	Samarkand	Samarkand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	Khiva	Khiva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
42	Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | past | the Silk Road | Khiva Uzbekistan |  |  | century | to the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **flourish** | past | Afghanistan |  |  |  |  | with trade; with routes to China and India and Persia | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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