---
title: In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered… — Afghanistan · tree and pragmatics
description: In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making Buddhism flourish throughout the region. Who acts: vast Kushan Empire, Buddhism. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Afghanistan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Afghanistan, sentence 62

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From Wikipedia, [«Afghanistan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making Buddhism flourish throughout the region.

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**Who acts:** vast Kushan Empire, Buddhism · **What happens:** center, become, make, flourish · **To what, where:** first century CE, great patrons, region

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vast Kushan Empire, Buddhism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Afghanistan:62
# text = In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making Buddhism flourish throughout the region.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	mid-to-late	mid-to-late	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
5	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	CE	ce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	Kushan	Kushan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	centered	center	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	patrons	patron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	xcomp	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
24	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	flourish	flourish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	xcomp	_	_
26	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **center** | past | the vast Kushan Empire |  |  | the first century CE  mid-to-late |  | in Afghanistan | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **become** | past | the vast Kushan Empire *not said here* | great patrons of Buddhist culture |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | the vast Kushan Empire *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **flourish** | present | Buddhism |  |  | the region |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout region=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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