--- title: Despite his competence as a military leader, Skanderbeg's victories… — Albania · tree and pragmatics description: Despite his competence as a military leader, Skanderbeg's victories over the Ottoman Empire's military had only a short-term impact, as his forces were unable to halt the Ottomans' advancement permanently; therefore, they successfully delayed the final conquest of Albanian lands only temporarily. 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Despite his competence as a military leader, Skanderbeg's victories over the Ottoman Empire's military had only a short-term impact, as his forces were unable to halt the Ottomans' advancement permanently; therefore, they successfully delayed the final conquest of Albanian lands only temporarily. **Who acts:** victories, forces, Ottomans · **What happens:** have, be, halt, delay, advance · **To what, where:** term impact, advancement, final conquest This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Albania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (victories, forces, Ottomans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Albania:101 # text = Despite his competence as a military leader, Skanderbeg's victories over the Ottoman Empire's military had only a short-term impact, as his forces were unable to halt the Ottomans' advancement permanently; therefore, they successfully delayed the final conquest of Albanian lands only temporarily. 1 Despite despite ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 3 competence competence NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 military military ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 leader leader NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 9 Skanderbeg Skanderbeg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 10 's 's PART POS _ 9 case _ _ 11 victories victory NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 12 over over ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 Ottoman Ottoman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 16 's 's PART POS _ 15 case _ _ 17 military military NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 18 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 19 only only ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 21 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 21 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 term term NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 impact impact NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 forces force NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 29 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 unable unable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 halt halt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 xcomp _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 Ottomans Ottoman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 36 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 35 ' 's PART POS _ 34 case _ _ 36 advancement advancement NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 37 permanently permanently ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 39 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 41 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 42 successfully successfully ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 delayed delay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 45 final final ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 conquest conquest NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 Albanian Albanian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nmod _ _ 50 only only ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 51 temporarily temporarily ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Skanderbeg's victories over the Ottoman Empire's military | a term impact | | | | despite Skanderbeg's competence as a military leader | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impact=Patient | | 2 | **is** | past | Skanderbeg's forces | | | | | unable *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **halt** | to-infinitive | Skanderbeg's forces *not said here* | the Ottomans's advancement | | | | permanently *property* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector advancement=Eventuality | | 4 | **delay** | past | victories *= victory* | the final conquest of Albanian lands | | | | successfully, temporarily, therefore *property* | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent conquest=Source | | 5 | **advance** | | the Ottomans | | | | | | nom advancement «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Albania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 100](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Albania/100/) - next →: [sentence 102](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Albania/102/) - ↑ back to [Albania](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Albania/)