---
title: Other colonies, such as Apollonia and Epidamnos, were established by… — Albania · tree and pragmatics
description: Other colonies, such as Apollonia and Epidamnos, were established by Greek city-states on the coast by the 7th century BC. Who acts: Greek city states. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Albania» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Albania, sentence 53

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From Wikipedia, [«Albania»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Other colonies, such as Apollonia and Epidamnos, were established by Greek city-states on the coast by the 7th century BC.

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**Who acts:** Greek city states · **What happens:** establish · **To what, where:** Other colonies

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Albania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Greek city states), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Albania:53
# text = Other colonies, such as Apollonia and Epidamnos, were established by Greek city-states on the coast by the 7th century BC.
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	Apollonia	Apollonia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Epidamnos	Epidamnos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	7th	7th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	23	amod	_	_
23	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
24	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive | Greek city states on the coast | Other colonies such Apollonia and Epidamnos |  |  | century |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Albania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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