--- title: In 203–202 BC, Masinissa of the Massyli, after being supported by Ro… — Algeria · tree and pragmatics description: In 203–202 BC, Masinissa of the Massyli, after being supported by Rome and playing a key role in the Battle of Zama against Carthaginian general Hannibal, defeated his western rivals (including Syphax) and unified the territories into the Kingdom of Numidia. Who acts: Rome, Masinissa. 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In 203–202 BC, Masinissa of the Massyli, after being supported by Rome and playing a key role in the Battle of Zama against Carthaginian general Hannibal, defeated his western rivals (including Syphax) and unified the territories into the Kingdom of Numidia. **Who acts:** Rome, Masinissa · **What happens:** support, play, defeat, include, unify · **To what, where:** key role, Battle, western rivals, 203, territories, Kingdom This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Algeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rome, Masinissa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Algeria:56 # text = In 203–202 BC, Masinissa of the Massyli, after being supported by Rome and playing a key role in the Battle of Zama against Carthaginian general Hannibal, defeated his western rivals (including Syphax) and unified the territories into the Kingdom of Numidia. 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 203 203 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 32 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 – - PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 202 202 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 nmod:unmarked _ _ 5 BC BC PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 7 Masinissa Masinissa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 Massyli Massyli PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 after after SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 13 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 supported support VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 parataxis _ _ 15 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Rome Rome PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 playing play VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 conj _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 key key ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 role role NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 Battle Battle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Zama Zama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 27 against against ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 Carthaginian Carthaginian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 29 general general ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 Hannibal Hannibal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 32 defeated defeat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 33 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 western western ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 rivals rival NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 36 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 including include VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 38 case _ _ 38 Syphax Syphax PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 38 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 unified unify VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 territories territory NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 obj _ _ 44 into into ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 Kingdom Kingdom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 Numidia Numidia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 32 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **support** | gerund · passive | Rome | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **play** | gerund | Rome *not said here* | a key role | | the Battle of Zama | | against Carthaginian general Hannibal | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent role=Theme | | 3 | **defeat** | past | Masinissa of the Massyli | BC's western rivals | | 203 202 BC | | | tree rules | | 4 | **include** | gerund | | | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **unify** | past | Masinissa of the Massyli *not said here* | the territories | | the Kingdom of Numidia | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Algeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 55](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Algeria/55/) - next →: [sentence 57](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Algeria/57/) - ↑ back to [Algeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Algeria/)