---
title: The United States fought two wars (the First and Second Barbary Wars… — Algiers · tree and pragmatics
description: The United States fought two wars (the First and Second Barbary Wars) over Algiers' attacks on shipping. Who acts: United States, Algiers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Algiers» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Algiers, sentence 74

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From Wikipedia, [«Algiers»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The United States fought two wars (the First and Second Barbary Wars) over Algiers' attacks on shipping.

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**Who acts:** United States, Algiers · **What happens:** fight, attack · **To what, where:** two wars, shipping

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Algiers». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (United States, Algiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Algiers:74
# text = The United States fought two wars (the First and Second Barbary Wars) over Algiers' attacks on shipping.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
9	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	conj	_	_
12	Barbary	Barbary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Wars	War	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	Algiers	Algier	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	'	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	shipping	shipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the United States | two wars |  |  |  | over Algiers's attacks on shipping | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent war=Co-Agent over attack=Theme |
| 2 | **attack** |  | Algiers |  |  | shipping |  |  | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Algiers», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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