---
title: To govern the growing slave trade, Afonso and several Portuguese kin… — Angola · tree and pragmatics
description: To govern the growing slave trade, Afonso and several Portuguese kings claimed a joint monopoly on the external slave trade. Who acts: Afonso. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Angola» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Angola, sentence 54

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From Wikipedia, [«Angola»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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To govern the growing slave trade, Afonso and several Portuguese kings claimed a joint monopoly on the external slave trade.

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**Who acts:** Afonso · **What happens:** govern, grow, claim · **To what, where:** growing slave trade, joint monopoly, external slave trade

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Angola». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Afonso), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Angola:54
# text = To govern the growing slave trade, Afonso and several Portuguese kings claimed a joint monopoly on the external slave trade.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	govern	govern	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
5	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Afonso	Afonso	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	claimed	claim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	joint	joint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	monopoly	monopoly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	external	external	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | to-infinitive | Afonso and several Portuguese kings *not said here* | the growing slave trade |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent trade=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **claim** *speech: other* | past | Afonso and several Portuguese kings | a joint monopoly |  | the external slave trade |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent monopoly=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Angola», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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