---
title: During colonial times, the parishes were governed by parish vestries… — Antigua and Barbuda · tree and pragmatics
description: During colonial times, the parishes were governed by parish vestries, however, the parishes now lack any sort of government. Who acts: parish vestries, parishes. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Antigua and Barbuda» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Antigua and Barbuda, sentence 135

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From Wikipedia, [«Antigua and Barbuda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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During colonial times, the parishes were governed by parish vestries, however, the parishes now lack any sort of government.

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**Who acts:** parish vestries, parishes · **What happens:** govern, lack, sort · **To what, where:** parishes, sort, government

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Antigua and Barbuda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parish vestries, parishes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Antigua_and_Barbuda:135
# text = During colonial times, the parishes were governed by parish vestries, however, the parishes now lack any sort of government.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	parishes	parish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	parish	parish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	vestries	vestry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	however	however	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	parishes	parish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | past · passive | parish vestries | the parishes |  |  | time |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **lack** | present | the parishes | any sort of government |  |  | now | however *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sort** |  |  | government |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Antigua and Barbuda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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