---
title: From 1960 until 2004, the Bird family dominated the archipelago's po… — Antigua and Barbuda · tree and pragmatics
description: From 1960 until 2004, the Bird family dominated the archipelago's politics with only one interruption, which ended with the election of Baldwin Spencer to the premiership. Who acts: Bird family, one interruption. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Antigua and Barbuda» with its dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Antigua and Barbuda, sentence 20

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From Wikipedia, [«Antigua and Barbuda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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From 1960 until 2004, the Bird family dominated the archipelago's politics with only one interruption, which ended with the election of Baldwin Spencer to the premiership.

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**Who acts:** Bird family, one interruption · **What happens:** dominate, end, elect · **To what, where:** politics, 1960, Baldwin

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Antigua and Barbuda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bird family, one interruption), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Antigua_and_Barbuda:20
# text = From 1960 until 2004, the Bird family dominated the archipelago's politics with only one interruption, which ended with the election of Baldwin Spencer to the premiership.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
3	until	until	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Bird	Bird	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	dominated	dominate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	archipelago	archipelago	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	politics	politics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	9	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	interruption	interruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Baldwin	Baldwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	Spencer	Spencer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	premiership	premiership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dominate** | past | the Bird family | the archipelago's politics |  | 1960 until 2004 |  | with one interruption | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme politics=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **end** | past | one interruption |  |  |  |  | with the election of Baldwin; to the premiership | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with election=Subeventuality |
| 3 | **elect** |  |  | Baldwin |  |  |  |  | nom election «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Antigua and Barbuda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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