---
title: Vere Bird Jr., the elder son, was forced to leave the cabinet in 199… — Antigua and Barbuda · tree and pragmatics
description: Vere Bird Jr., the elder son, was forced to leave the cabinet in 1990 following a scandal in which he was accused of smuggling Israeli weapons to Colombian drug-traffickers. Who acts: Vere. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Antigua and Barbuda» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Antigua and Barbuda, sentence 66

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From Wikipedia, [«Antigua and Barbuda»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Vere Bird Jr., the elder son, was forced to leave the cabinet in 1990 following a scandal in which he was accused of smuggling Israeli weapons to Colombian drug-traffickers.

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**Who acts:** Vere · **What happens:** force, leave, follow, accuse, smuggle · **To what, where:** Vere, cabinet, 1990, scandal, Israeli weapons, Colombian drug traffickers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Antigua and Barbuda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vere), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Antigua_and_Barbuda:66
# text = Vere Bird Jr., the elder son, was forced to leave the cabinet in 1990 following a scandal in which he was accused of smuggling Israeli weapons to Colombian drug-traffickers.
1	Vere	Vere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Bird	Bird	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod:desc	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cabinet	cabinet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	1990	1990	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	_
17	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	scandal	scandal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
25	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	smuggling	smuggle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
27	Israeli	Israeli	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	Colombian	colombian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
31	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	traffickers	trafficker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | past · passive |  | Vere  Jr. |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | to-infinitive | Vere  Jr. *not said here* | the cabinet |  | 1990 |  | follow a scandal | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cabinet=Theme in 1990=Location |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | Vere |  | a scandal |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **smuggle** | gerund |  | Israeli weapons |  | Colombian drug traffickers |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent weapon=Theme to trafficker=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Antigua and Barbuda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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