---
title: Italian and other European immigrants influenced Lunfardo—the region… — Argentina · tree and pragmatics
description: Italian and other European immigrants influenced Lunfardo—the regional slang—permeating the vernacular vocabulary of other Latin American countries as well. Who acts: Italian European immigrants, regional slang. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Argentina» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Argentina, sentence 448

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From Wikipedia, [«Argentina»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Italian and other European immigrants influenced Lunfardo—the regional slang—permeating the vernacular vocabulary of other Latin American countries as well.

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**Who acts:** Italian European immigrants, regional slang · **What happens:** influence, permeate · **To what, where:** Lunfardo, vernacular vocabulary

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Argentina». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Italian European immigrants, regional slang), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Argentina:448
# text = Italian and other European immigrants influenced Lunfardo—the regional slang—permeating the vernacular vocabulary of other Latin American countries as well.
1	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	influenced	influence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Lunfardo	Lunfardo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	regional	regional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	permeating	permeate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	vernacular	vernacular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
22	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	13	advmod	_	_
23	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **influence** | past | Italian European immigrants | Lunfardo |  |  |  | the regional slang *parataxis* | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunfardo=Patient |
| 2 | **permeate** | gerund | the regional slang *not said here* | the vernacular vocabulary of other Latin |  |  |  | American countries *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Argentina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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