--- title: Argentina — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 4 description: Wikipedia's «Argentina», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the far south of South America. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Argentina # Argentina · page 4 From Wikipedia, [«Argentina»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/3/) **4** [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/6/) [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/7/) ## Government and politics Main article: [Politics of Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina), [Elections in Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Argentina) In the 20th century, Argentina experienced significant political turmoil and democratic reversals.[\[193\]](../../page/7/#ref-193 "note 193")[\[194\]](../../page/7/#ref-194 "note 194")[256](../../256/ "tree and pragmatics") Between 1930 and 1976, the [armed forces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Argentine_Republic) overthrew six governments in Argentina;[\[194\]](../../page/7/#ref-194 "note 194") and the country alternated periods of democracy (1912–1930, 1946–1955, and 1973–1976) with periods of restricted democracy and [military rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_regime).[\[193\]](../../page/7/#ref-193 "note 193")[257](../../257/ "tree and pragmatics") Following a [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_to_democracy) that began in 1983,[\[195\]](../../page/7/#ref-195 "note 195") full-scale democracy in Argentina was reestablished.[\[193\]](../../page/7/#ref-193 "note 193")[\[194\]](../../page/7/#ref-194 "note 194")[258](../../258/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina's democracy endured through the [2001–02 crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998–2002_Argentine_great_depression) and to the present day; it is regarded as more robust than both its pre-1983 predecessors and other democracies in [Latin America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America).[\[194\]](../../page/7/#ref-194 "note 194")[259](../../259/ "tree and pragmatics") According to [International IDEA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_for_Democracy_and_Electoral_Assistance)'s Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices and Democracy Tracker, Argentina performs in the mid-range on overall democratic measures, with particular strengths in freedom of religion, inclusive suffrage, and civic engagement.[\[196\]](../../page/7/#ref-196 "note 196")[260](../../260/ "tree and pragmatics") Moreover, according to the [V-Dem Democracy indices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices), Argentina in 2023 was the second most [electoral democratic country in Latin America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean).[\[197\]](../../page/7/#ref-197 "note 197")[261](../../261/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Government Main article: [Government of Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Argentina), [Ministries of the Argentine Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Argentine_Republic) Argentina is a [federal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism) constitutional republic and [representative democracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracy).[\[198\]](../../page/7/#ref-198 "note 198")[262](../../262/ "tree and pragmatics") The government is regulated by a system of [checks and balances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers) defined by the [Constitution of Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Argentina), the country's supreme legal document.[263](../../263/ "tree and pragmatics") The [seat of government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_government) is the city of [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires) [corpus](../../../Buenos_Aires/ "in our corpus"), as designated by [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_National_Congress).[\[199\]](../../page/7/#ref-199 "note 199")[264](../../264/ "tree and pragmatics") Suffrage is [universal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_suffrage), [equal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_suffrage), [secret](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_ballot) and [mandatory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_voting).[\[200\]](../../page/7/#ref-200 "note 200")[\[202\]](../../page/7/#ref-202 "note 202")[265](../../265/ "tree and pragmatics") The federal government is composed of three branches.[266](../../266/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Legislative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature) branch consists of the [bicameral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism) Congress, made up of the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Senate) and the [Chamber of Deputies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Chamber_of_Deputies).[267](../../267/ "tree and pragmatics") The Congress makes [federal law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_law), [declares war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_war), approves [treaties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty) and has the [power of the purse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_the_purse) and of [impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment), by which it can remove sitting members of the government.[\[203\]](../../page/7/#ref-203 "note 203")[268](../../268/ "tree and pragmatics") The Chamber of Deputies represents the people and has 257 voting members elected to a four-year term.[269](../../269/ "tree and pragmatics") Seats are apportioned among the provinces by population every tenth year.[\[204\]](../../page/7/#ref-204 "note 204") as of 2014 ten provinces have just five deputies while the [Buenos Aires Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province), being the most populous one, has 70.[270](../../270/ "tree and pragmatics") The Chamber of Senators represents the provinces, and has 72 members elected [at-large](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At-large) to six-year terms, with each province having three seats; one-third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.[\[205\]](../../page/7/#ref-205 "note 205")[271](../../271/ "tree and pragmatics") At least one-third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women.[272](../../272/ "tree and pragmatics") In the [Executive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_%28government%29) branch, the [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Argentina) is the [commander-in-chief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander-in-chief) of the military, can [veto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veto) [legislative bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_%28law%29) before they become law—subject to Congressional override—and appoints the [members of the Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Argentina) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.[\[206\]](../../page/7/#ref-206 "note 206")[273](../../273/ "tree and pragmatics") The President is elected [directly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_vote) by the vote of the people, serves a four-year term and may be elected to office no more than twice in a row.[\[207\]](../../page/7/#ref-207 "note 207")[274](../../274/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Judicial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary) branch includes the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Argentina) and lower [federal courts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Argentina) interpret laws and [overturn those](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_review) they find [unconstitutional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutionality).[\[208\]](../../page/7/#ref-208 "note 208")[275](../../275/ "tree and pragmatics") The Judicial is independent of the Executive and the Legislative.[276](../../276/ "tree and pragmatics") The Supreme Court has seven members appointed by the President—subject to Senate approval—who serve for life.[277](../../277/ "tree and pragmatics") The lower courts' judges are proposed by the [Council of Magistracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Magistracy_of_the_Nation) (a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, researchers, the Executive and the Legislative), and appointed by the president on Senate approval.[\[209\]](../../page/7/#ref-209 "note 209")[278](../../278/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Provinces Main article: [Provinces of Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina) Argentina is a federation of twenty-three provinces and one [autonomous city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_city), Buenos Aires.[279](../../279/ "tree and pragmatics") Provinces are divided for administration purposes into [departments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_Argentina) and [municipalities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Argentina), except for Buenos Aires Province, which is divided into [partidos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidos_of_Buenos_Aires).[280](../../280/ "tree and pragmatics") The City of Buenos Aires is divided into [communes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrios_and_Communes_of_Buenos_Aires).[281](../../281/ "tree and pragmatics") Provinces hold all the power that they chose not to delegate to the federal government;[\[210\]](../../page/7/#ref-210 "note 210") they must be representative republics and must not contradict the Constitution.[\[211\]](../../page/7/#ref-211 "note 211")[282](../../282/ "tree and pragmatics") Beyond this they are fully autonomous: they enact their own constitutions,[\[212\]](../../page/7/#ref-212 "note 212") freely organise their local governments,[\[213\]](../../page/7/#ref-213 "note 213") and own and manage their natural and financial resources.[\[214\]](../../page/7/#ref-214 "note 214")[283](../../283/ "tree and pragmatics") Some provinces have bicameral legislatures, while others have [unicameral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameralism) ones.[\[216\]](../../page/7/#ref-216 "note 216")[284](../../284/ "tree and pragmatics") [La Pampa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Pampa_Province) and Chaco became provinces in 1951.[285](../../285/ "tree and pragmatics") Misiones did so in 1953, and [Formosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formosa_Province), [Neuquén](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuquén_Province), [Río Negro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Río_Negro_Province), [Chubut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubut_Province) and Santa Cruz, in 1955.[286](../../286/ "tree and pragmatics") The last national territory, Tierra del Fuego, became the [Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego,_Antártida_e_Islas_del_Atlántico_Sur_Province) in 1990.[\[217\]](../../page/7/#ref-217 "note 217")[287](../../287/ "tree and pragmatics") It has three components, although two are nominal because they are not under Argentine sovereignty.[288](../../288/ "tree and pragmatics") The first is the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego; the second is an area of Antarctica claimed by Argentina that overlaps with similar areas claimed by the UK and Chile; the third comprises the two disputed British Overseas Territories of the [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands) and [South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands).[\[218\]](../../page/7/#ref-218 "note 218")[289](../../289/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Foreign relations Main article: [Foreign relations of Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Argentina) Foreign policy is handled by the [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs,_International_Trade_and_Worship), which answers to the [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Argentina).[290](../../290/ "tree and pragmatics") The country is one of the [G-15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_15) and [G-20 major economies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20_major_economies) of the world, and a founding member of the [UN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN), [WBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank_Group), [WTO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization) and [OAS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_American_States).[291](../../291/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2012 [Argentina was elected again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_election,_2012) to a two-year non-permanent position on the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) and is participating in major peacekeeping operations in [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Stabilization_Mission_in_Haiti), [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus), [Western Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Sahara) and the [Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East).[\[219\]](../../page/7/#ref-219 "note 219")[292](../../292/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina is described as a [middle power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_power).[\[220\]](../../page/7/#ref-220 "note 220")[293](../../293/ "tree and pragmatics") A prominent Latin American and Southern Cone [regional power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_power), Argentina cofounded [OEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States) and [CELAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States).[294](../../294/ "tree and pragmatics") It is also a founding member of the [Mercosur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercosur) block, having Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela) [corpus](../../../Venezuela/ "in our corpus") as partners.[295](../../295/ "tree and pragmatics") Since 2002 the country has emphasised its key role in [Latin American integration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_American_integration), and the block—which has some supranational legislative functions—is its first international priority.[\[221\]](../../page/7/#ref-221 "note 221")[296](../../296/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina claims 965597 km2 in [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Antarctica), where it has the world's oldest [continuous state presence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcadas_Base), since 1904.[\[222\]](../../page/7/#ref-222 "note 222")[297](../../297/ "tree and pragmatics") This overlaps claims by [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilean_Antarctic_Territory) and the [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory), though all such claims fall under the provisions of the 1961 [Antarctic Treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty), of which Argentina is a founding signatory and permanent consulting member, with the [Antarctic Treaty Secretariat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_Secretariat) being based in Buenos Aires.[\[223\]](../../page/7/#ref-223 "note 223")[298](../../298/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina [disputes sovereignty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute) over the British possessions of the Falkland Islands, [South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Georgia_and_South_Sandwich_Islands_sovereignty_dispute).[\[224\]](../../page/7/#ref-224 "note 224")[\[225\]](../../page/7/#ref-225 "note 225")[299](../../299/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina is a party to the [Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court).[\[226\]](../../page/7/#ref-226 "note 226")[300](../../300/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina is a [major non-NATO ally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally) since 1998[\[26\]](../../page/7/#ref-26 "note 26") and an [OECD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD) candidate country since January 2022.[\[227\]](../../page/7/#ref-227 "note 227")[301](../../301/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Military Main article: [Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Argentine_Republic) The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the Argentine Armed Forces, as part of a legal framework that imposes a strict separation between national defence and internal security systems:[\[228\]](../../page/7/#ref-228 "note 228")[\[229\]](../../page/7/#ref-229 "note 229") The [National Defence System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_defense_industry), an exclusive responsibility of the federal government,[\[230\]](../../page/7/#ref-230 "note 230") coordinated by the [Ministry of Defence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_%28Argentina%29), and comprising the [Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Army), the [Navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Navy) and the [Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force).[\[231\]](../../page/7/#ref-231 "note 231")[302](../../302/ "tree and pragmatics") Ruled and monitored by Congress[\[232\]](../../page/7/#ref-232 "note 232") through the Houses' Defence Committees,[\[233\]](../../page/7/#ref-233 "note 233") it is organised on the essential principle of legitimate self-defence: the repelling of any external military aggression in order to guarantee freedom of the people, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity.[\[233\]](../../page/7/#ref-233 "note 233")[303](../../303/ "tree and pragmatics") Its secondary missions include committing to multinational operations within the framework of the United Nations, participating in internal support missions, assisting friendly countries, and establishing a sub-regional defence system.[\[233\]](../../page/7/#ref-233 "note 233")[304](../../304/ "tree and pragmatics") [Military service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service) is voluntary, with enlistment age between 18 and 24 years old and no [conscription](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription).[\[234\]](../../page/7/#ref-234 "note 234")[305](../../305/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina's defence has historically been one of the best equipped in the region, even managing [its own weapon research facilities, shipyards, ordnance, tank and plane factories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_defense_industry).[\[235\]](../../page/7/#ref-235 "note 235")[306](../../306/ "tree and pragmatics") However, real military expenditures declined steadily after the defeat in the [Falklands War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War) and the defence budget in 2011 was only about 0.74% of GDP, a historical minimum,[\[236\]](../../page/7/#ref-236 "note 236") below the Latin American average.[307](../../307/ "tree and pragmatics") Within the defence budget itself, funding for training and even basic maintenance has been significantly cut, a factor contributing to the [accidental loss of the Argentine submarine San Juan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_ARA_San_Juan) in 2017.[308](../../308/ "tree and pragmatics") The result has been a steady erosion of Argentine military capabilities, with some arguing that Argentina had, by the end of the 2010s, ceased to be a capable military power.[\[237\]](../../page/7/#ref-237 "note 237")[309](../../309/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Interior Security System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_Security_System) is jointly administered by the federal and subscribing provincial governments.[\[229\]](../../page/7/#ref-229 "note 229")[310](../../310/ "tree and pragmatics") At the federal level it is coordinated by the Interior, [Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_%28Argentina%29) and Justice ministries, and monitored by Congress.[\[229\]](../../page/7/#ref-229 "note 229")[311](../../311/ "tree and pragmatics") It is enforced by the [Federal Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Federal_Police); the [Prefecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Naval_Prefecture), which fulfills [coast guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_guard) duties; the [Gendarmerie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_National_Gendarmerie), which serves [border guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_guard) tasks; and the [Airport Security Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_Security_Police_%28Argentina%29).[\[238\]](../../page/7/#ref-238 "note 238")[312](../../312/ "tree and pragmatics") At the provincial level it is coordinated by the respective internal security ministries and enforced by local police agencies.[\[229\]](../../page/7/#ref-229 "note 229")[313](../../313/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina was the only South American country to send warships and cargo planes in 1991 to the [Gulf War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War) under [UN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) mandate and has remained involved in [peacekeeping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping) efforts in multiple locations such as [UNPROFOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNPROFOR) in [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia) [corpus](../../../Croatia/ "in our corpus")/[Bosnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) [corpus](../../../Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/ "in our corpus"), [Gulf of Fonseca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca), [UNFICYP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus) in [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus) [corpus](../../../Cyprus/ "in our corpus") (where among Army and Marines troops the Air Force provided the UN Air contingent since 1994) and [MINUSTAH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINUSTAH) in [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti) [corpus](../../../Haiti/ "in our corpus").[314](../../314/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina is the only Latin American country to maintain troops in [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo) [corpus](../../../Kosovo/ "in our corpus") during [SFOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFOR) (and later [EUFOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUFOR)) operations where [combat engineers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_engineering) of the Argentine Armed Forces are embedded in an [Italian brigade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Army).[315](../../315/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2007, an Argentine contingent including helicopters, boats and water purification plants was sent to help [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia) [corpus](../../../Bolivia/ "in our corpus") against their worst floods in decades.[\[239\]](../../page/7/#ref-239 "note 239")[316](../../316/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2010 the Armed Forces were also involved in [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_response_by_national_governments_to_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake) and [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_response_to_the_2010_Chile_earthquake) humanitarian responses after their respective earthquakes.[\[240\]](../../page/7/#ref-240 "note 240")[317](../../317/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Economy Main article: [Economy of Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Argentina) See also: [Industry in Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_in_Argentina), [Argentine foreign trade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_foreign_trade) Benefiting from rich [natural resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resources), a highly literate population, a diversified industrial base, and an export-oriented agricultural sector, Argentina's economy is Latin America's third-largest,[\[241\]](../../page/7/#ref-241 "note 241") and the second-largest in [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America).[\[242\]](../../page/7/#ref-242 "note 242")[318](../../318/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1913, Argentina was one of the wealthiest countries in the world by GDP per capita.[\[243\]](../../page/7/#ref-243 "note 243")[319](../../319/ "tree and pragmatics") It has a "[very high](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index)" rating on the Human Development Index[\[14\]](../../page/7/#ref-14 "note 14") and ranks 66th by [nominal GDP per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita),[\[244\]](../../page/7/#ref-244 "note 244") with a considerable [internal market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_market) size and a growing share of the [high-tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-tech) sector.[320](../../320/ "tree and pragmatics") As a [middle emerging economy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_economy) and one of the world's top developing nations, it is a member of the [G-20 major economies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-20_major_economies).[\[245\]](../../page/7/#ref-245 "note 245")[\[246\]](../../page/7/#ref-246 "note 246")[321](../../321/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina is the largest producer in the world of [yerba mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerba_mate) (due to the large domestic consumption of [mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mate_%28drink%29)), one of the five largest producers in the world of [soybeans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybeans), [maize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize), [sunflower seed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower_seed), [lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon) and [pear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear), one of the ten largest producers in the world of [barley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley), [grape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape), [artichoke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke), [tobacco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco) and [cotton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton), and one of the 15 largest producers in the world of [wheat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat), [sugarcane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcane), [sorghum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum) and [grapefruit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit).[322](../../322/ "tree and pragmatics") It is the largest producer in South America of wheat, sunflower seed, barley, lemon and pear.[\[247\]](../../page/7/#ref-247 "note 247")[\[248\]](../../page/7/#ref-248 "note 248")[323](../../323/ "tree and pragmatics") In [wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine), Argentina is usually among the ten [largest producers in the world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wine_production).[\[249\]](../../page/7/#ref-249 "note 249")[324](../../324/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina is a traditional meat exporter, having been, in 2019, the 4th world producer of [beef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef), with a production of 3 million tons (only behind US, Brazil and China), the 4th world producer of [honey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey), and the 10th world producer of [wool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool), in addition to other relevant productions.[\[250\]](../../page/7/#ref-250 "note 250")[\[251\]](../../page/7/#ref-251 "note 251")[325](../../325/ "tree and pragmatics") The [mining industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry) of Argentina is less prominent compared to other countries but stands out as the fourth-largest producer of [lithium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium),[\[252\]](../../page/7/#ref-252 "note 252") the 11th-largest of [silver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver)[\[253\]](../../page/7/#ref-253 "note 253") and 17th-largest of [gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold)[\[254\]](../../page/7/#ref-254 "note 254") worldwide.[326](../../326/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina excels in [natural gas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas) production, being the largest producer in South America and the 18th-largest globally.[327](../../327/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina produces an average of 500,000 barrels/day of [petroleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum), despite the under-utilisation of the Vaca Muerta field due to technical and financial limitations in resource extraction.[\[255\]](../../page/7/#ref-255 "note 255")[\[256\]](../../page/7/#ref-256 "note 256")[328](../../328/ "tree and pragmatics") as of 2012, [manufacturing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing) accounted for 20.3% of GDP—the largest sector in Argentina's economy.[\[257\]](../../page/7/#ref-257 "note 257")[329](../../329/ "tree and pragmatics") Well-integrated into Argentine agriculture, half of the industrial exports have rural origin.[\[257\]](../../page/7/#ref-257 "note 257")[330](../../330/ "tree and pragmatics") With a 6.5% production growth rate as of 2011,[\[258\]](../../page/7/#ref-258 "note 258") the diversified manufacturing sector rests on a steadily growing network of [industrial parks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_park), 314 in 2013.[\[259\]](../../page/7/#ref-259 "note 259")[\[260\]](../../page/7/#ref-260 "note 260")[331](../../331/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2012, the leading sectors by volume were: food processing, beverages and tobacco products; motor vehicles and auto parts; [textiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textiles) and leather; [refinery products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_refineries) and [biodiesel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel); chemicals and pharmaceuticals; [steel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel), [aluminium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium) and [iron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron); industrial and farm machinery; home appliances and furniture; plastics and tires; glass and cement; and recording and print media.[\[257\]](../../page/7/#ref-257 "note 257")[332](../../332/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina has since long been one of the top five wine-producing countries in the world.[\[257\]](../../page/7/#ref-257 "note 257")[333](../../333/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina ranks 85th out of 180 countries in the [Transparency International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International)'s 2017 [Corruption Perceptions Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index),[\[261\]](../../page/7/#ref-261 "note 261") an improvement of 22 positions over its 2014 rankings.[\[262\]](../../page/7/#ref-262 "note 262")[334](../../334/ "tree and pragmatics") Argentina settled its long-standing debt default crisis in 2016 with the so-called [vulture funds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulture_funds) after the election of Mauricio Macri, allowing Argentina to enter capital markets for the first time in a decade.[\[263\]](../../page/7/#ref-263 "note 263")[335](../../335/ "tree and pragmatics") The government of Argentina defaulted in May 2020 by failing to pay a $500 million bill by its due date to its creditors.[336](../../336/ "tree and pragmatics") Negotiations for the restructuring of $66 billion of its debt continue.[\[264\]](../../page/7/#ref-264 "note 264")[337](../../337/ "tree and pragmatics") High [inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation)—a weakness of the Argentine economy for decades—has become a trouble once again,[\[265\]](../../page/7/#ref-265 "note 265") recently peaking at 220% in 2024.[\[266\]](../../page/7/#ref-266 "note 266")[338](../../338/ "tree and pragmatics") Approximately 43% of the Argentina's population lived below the poverty line in 2023.[\[267\]](../../page/7/#ref-267 "note 267")[339](../../339/ "tree and pragmatics") To deter it and support the peso, the government imposed foreign currency control.[\[268\]](../../page/7/#ref-268 "note 268")[340](../../340/ "tree and pragmatics") [Income distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_distribution), having improved since 2002, is classified as "medium", although it is still considerably unequal.[\[13\]](../../page/7/#ref-13 "note 13")[341](../../341/ "tree and pragmatics") On 10 December 2023, [Javier Milei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) was sworn in as president.[342](../../342/ "tree and pragmatics") He pursued deregulation policies to alleviate the national economic crisis.[\[269\]](../../page/7/#ref-269 "note 269")[\[270\]](../../page/7/#ref-270 "note 270")[343](../../343/ "tree and pragmatics") In January 2024, Argentina's poverty rate reached 57.4%, the highest poverty rate in the country since 2004.[\[271\]](../../page/7/#ref-271 "note 271")[344](../../344/ "tree and pragmatics") By the second semester of 2024, however, poverty levels had fallen sharply to 38%, the lowest since 2022.[\[272\]](../../page/7/#ref-272 "note 272")[345](../../345/ "tree and pragmatics") In November 2024, Argentina's monthly inflation rate slowed to 2.4%, the lowest in over four years.[346](../../346/ "tree and pragmatics") Annual inflation was expected to end 2024 closer to 100%.[\[273\]](../../page/7/#ref-273 "note 273")[347](../../347/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2025, the inflation rate was 31.5%.[\[274\]](../../page/7/#ref-274 "note 274")[348](../../348/ "tree and pragmatics") As of June 2026, the expected inflation rate is 2.2%.[\[275\]](../../page/7/#ref-275 "note 275")[349](../../349/ "tree and pragmatics") Economic activity has also begun to recover after the severe recession at the beginning of 2024.[350](../../350/ "tree and pragmatics") The economy expanded in 2025 by 4.4%.[\[276\]](../../page/7/#ref-276 "note 276")[351](../../351/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/) [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/2/) [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/3/) **4** [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Argentina/page/6/) 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