---
title: The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and… — Athens · tree and pragmatics
description: The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a mountain range. Who acts: Athens area, hills, capital, mountain range. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Athens» with its dependency tre
---

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# Athens, sentence 438

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From Wikipedia, [«Athens»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a mountain range.

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**Who acts:** Athens area, hills, capital, mountain range · **What happens:** encompass, rise, be, bisect · **To what, where:** variety, city, only major city, Europe

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Athens». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Athens area, hills, capital, mountain range), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Athens:438
# text = The Athens area encompasses a variety of terrain, notably hills and mountains rising around the city, and the capital is the only major city in Europe to be bisected by a mountain range.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	encompasses	encompass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	terrain	terrain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	notably	notably	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
15	around	around	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	bisected	bisect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	advcl	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encompass** | present | the Athens area | a variety of terrain |  |  |  | hills and mountains *obl* | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot variety=Theme |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund | hills and mountains *not said here* |  |  | the city |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent around city=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the capital | the only major city |  | Europe |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bisect** | to-infinitive · passive | a mountain range |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Athens», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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