---
title: Climate change from increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to a… — Australia · tree and pragmatics
description: Climate change from increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to a 1.5 °C rise in Australian temperatures since 1910 and an increase in extreme heat and heavy rainfall events. Who acts: Climate change. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Australia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Australia, sentence 169

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From Wikipedia, [«Australia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Climate change from increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to a 1.5 °C rise in Australian temperatures since 1910 and an increase in extreme heat and heavy rainfall events.

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**Who acts:** Climate change · **What happens:** increase, lead

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Australia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Climate change), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Australia:169
# text = Climate change from increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to a 1.5 °C rise in Australian temperatures since 1910 and an increase in extreme heat and heavy rainfall events.
1	Climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	greenhouse	greenhouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	emissions	emission	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	1.5	1.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	14	nummod	_	_
13	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:agent	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	since	since	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	1910	1910	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	extreme	extreme	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lead** | present · perfect | Climate change from increased gas emissions |  |  |  |  | a C rise in Australian temperatures since 1910 and a increase in extreme heat and heavy rainfall events *obl:agent* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Australia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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