---
title: What these values mean, and whether Australians uphold them, has bee… — Australia · tree and pragmatics
description: What these values mean, and whether Australians uphold them, has been debated since before Federation. Who acts: values, Australians. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Australia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Australia, sentence 387

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From Wikipedia, [«Australia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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What these values mean, and whether Australians uphold them, has been debated since before Federation.

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**Who acts:** values, Australians · **What happens:** mean, uphold, debate · **To what, where:** values · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Australia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (values, Australians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Australia:387
# text = What these values mean, and whether Australians uphold them, has been debated since before Federation.
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	values	value	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
7	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	Australians	Australian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	uphold	uphold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	debated	debate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
15	since	since	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	before	before	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Federation	Federation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | this values |  |  |  |  | What *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **uphold** | present | Australians | values *= value* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **debate** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  | since Federation |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Australia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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