---
title: Over three million German-speaking Austrians found themselves living… — Austria · tree and pragmatics
description: Over three million German-speaking Austrians found themselves living outside the new Austrian Republic as minorities in the newly formed or enlarged states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Italy. Who acts: speaking Austrians, three million. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Austria» with its dep
---

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# Austria, sentence 105

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From Wikipedia, [«Austria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Over three million German-speaking Austrians found themselves living outside the new Austrian Republic as minorities in the newly formed or enlarged states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Italy.

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**Who acts:** speaking Austrians, three million · **What happens:** speak, find, live, form, enlarge · **To what, where:** three million, new Austrian Republic · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Austria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (speaking Austrians, three million), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Austria:105
# text = Over three million German-speaking Austrians found themselves living outside the new Austrian Republic as minorities in the newly formed or enlarged states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Italy.
1	Over	over	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	compound	_	_
3	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
4	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	Austrians	Austrian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
11	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Austrian	austrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	minorities	minority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
20	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	enlarged	enlarge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	_
24	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovakia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Yugoslavia	Yugoslavia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Hungary	Hungary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **find** | past | speaking Austrians | three million |  |  |  | Italy *obl*; Austrians *= austrian* *obj* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent themselves=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | three million *not said here* |  |  | the new Austrian Republic |  | as minorities in the formed states of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia and Hungary | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside republic=Location |
| 4 | **form** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **enlarge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Austria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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