---
title: Climate change in Austria has already caused temperature rises of al… — Austria · tree and pragmatics
description: Climate change in Austria has already caused temperature rises of almost 2 °C since 1880, and temperatures are expected to increase further while heat waves become more common. Who acts: Climate change, temperatures, heat waves, 2 ° C. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Austria» with its dependency tree and
---

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# Austria, sentence 211

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From Wikipedia, [«Austria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Climate change in Austria has already caused temperature rises of almost 2 °C since 1880, and temperatures are expected to increase further while heat waves become more common.

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**Who acts:** Climate change, temperatures, heat waves, 2 ° C · **What happens:** cause, expect, increase, become, rise · **To what, where:** temperature rises, temperatures

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Austria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Climate change, temperatures, heat waves, 2 ° C), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Austria:211
# text = Climate change in Austria has already caused temperature rises of almost 2 °C since 1880, and temperatures are expected to increase further while heat waves become more common.
1	Climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Austria	Austria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	rises	rise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
13	°	°	SYM	SYM	_	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	since	since	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	1880	1880	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	temperatures	temperature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	increase	increase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	further	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	23	advmod	_	_
25	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
29	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	30	advmod	_	_
30	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · perfect | Climate change in Austria | temperature rises of 2 ° C |  |  | since 1880 |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rise=Patient |
| 2 | **expect** | present · passive |  | temperatures |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **increase** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | temperatures *not said here* |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **become** | present | heat waves |  |  |  |  | common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **rise** |  | 2 ° C |  |  |  |  |  | nom rise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Austria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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