---
title: Since independence in 1991, the government has taken measures to pre… — Azerbaijan · tree and pragmatics
description: Since independence in 1991, the government has taken measures to preserve the environment of Azerbaijan. Who acts: government. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Azerbaijan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Azerbaijan, sentence 139

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From Wikipedia, [«Azerbaijan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since independence in 1991, the government has taken measures to preserve the environment of Azerbaijan.

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**Who acts:** government · **What happens:** take, preserve · **To what, where:** measures, environment

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Azerbaijan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (government), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Azerbaijan:139
# text = Since independence in 1991, the government has taken measures to preserve the environment of Azerbaijan.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1991	1991	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
10	measures	measure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	environment	environment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · perfect | the government | measures |  |  | since independence in 1991 |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent measure=Theme |
| 2 | **preserve** | to-infinitive | the government *not said here* | the environment of Azerbaijan |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent environment=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Azerbaijan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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