---
title: The existence of petroleum has been known since the 8th century. — Baku · tree and pragmatics
description: The existence of petroleum has been known since the 8th century. Who acts: petroleum. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Baku» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Baku, sentence 212

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From Wikipedia, [«Baku»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The existence of petroleum has been known since the 8th century.

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**Who acts:** petroleum · **What happens:** know, exist · **To what, where:** existence

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Baku». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (petroleum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Baku:212
# text = The existence of petroleum has been known since the 8th century.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	since	since	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	8th	8th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	11	amod	_	_
11	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · perfect · passive |  | the existence of petroleum |  |  | century |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **exist** |  | petroleum |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Baku», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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