---
title: A study by the OECD has estimated that 5.138 million people in Bangk… — Bangkok · tree and pragmatics
description: A study by the OECD has estimated that 5.138 million people in Bangkok may be exposed to coastal flooding by 2070, the seventh highest figure among the world's port cities. Who acts: OECD. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bangkok» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bangkok, sentence 109

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From Wikipedia, [«Bangkok»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A study by the OECD has estimated that 5.138 million people in Bangkok may be exposed to coastal flooding by 2070, the seventh highest figure among the world's port cities.

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**Who acts:** OECD · **What happens:** estimate, expose, study · **To what, where:** study, million people, coastal flooding

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bangkok». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (OECD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bangkok:109
# text = A study by the OECD has estimated that 5.138 million people in Bangkok may be exposed to coastal flooding by 2070, the seventh highest figure among the world's port cities.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	OECD	OECD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
9	5.138	5.138	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Bangkok	Bangkok	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	exposed	expose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	coastal	coastal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	flooding	flooding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	2070	2070	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	seventh	seventh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	_
26	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
27	among	among	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	's	's	PART	POS	_	29	case	_	_
31	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | present · perfect · passive |  | a study by the OECD |  |  |  | the seventh highest figure among port cities *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **expose** | may · passive |  | million people in Bangkok | coastal flooding |  |  | by 2070 | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to flooding=Recipient |
| 3 | **study** |  | the OECD |  |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: by=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bangkok», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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