---
title: Bangkok's rapid growth, coupled with little urban planning, has resu… — Bangkok · tree and pragmatics
description: Bangkok's rapid growth, coupled with little urban planning, has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure. Who acts: rapid growth, Bangkok. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bangkok» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bangkok, sentence 14

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From Wikipedia, [«Bangkok»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Bangkok's rapid growth, coupled with little urban planning, has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure.

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**Who acts:** rapid growth, Bangkok · **What happens:** couple, result, grow · **To what, where:** rapid growth, haphazard cityscape

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bangkok». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rapid growth, Bangkok), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bangkok:14
# text = Bangkok's rapid growth, coupled with little urban planning, has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure.
1	Bangkok	Bangkok	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	coupled	couple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	planning	planning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	resulted	result	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	haphazard	haphazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	cityscape	cityscape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **couple** | participle |  | Bangkok's rapid growth *not said here* |  |  |  | with little urban planning | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with planning=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **result** | present · perfect | Bangkok's rapid growth |  |  | a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cityscape=Location |
| 3 | **grow** |  | Bangkok |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bangkok», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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