--- title: Banjul — English Wikipedia · full text with trees description: Wikipedia's «Banjul», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Banjul (/UKbænˈdʒuːl/, /USˈbɑːndʒuːl/), officially the City of Banjul, is the capital city of The Gambia. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Banjul/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Banjul # Banjul From Wikipedia, [«Banjul»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. The English Wikipedia article «Banjul», whole: 17 sections, 87 sentences and 1312 words, its 27 notes at the end. The marks in brackets «[n]» are Wikipedia's own, each leading to its note and source; the small number after every sentence leads to the sentence's own page with its syntax tree and pragmatics, parsed by Mova itself. | Facts | | | --- | --- | | | **Banjul · ߓߊ߲߬ߖߎߟ Banjul baⁿdʒul · 𞤄𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤶𞤵𞤤𞤵 Bannjulu** | | | **[Capital city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city)** | | | Flag Coat of arms | | | [Location of Banjul Division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Gambia) | | | Coordinates: | | Country | [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia) [corpus](../The_Gambia/ "in our corpus") | | Division | Banjul | | Founded | 23 April 1816 as Bathurst | | **Government** | | | • Mayor | [Rohey Malick Lowe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohey_Malick_Lowe) | | **Area** | | | • [Capital city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city) | 12 km² (5 sq mi) | | • [Urban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area) | 93 km² (36 sq mi) | | Elevation | 2 m (7 ft) | | **Population (2013 census)** | | | • [Capital city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city) | 31,301 | | • Density | 2,608.4/km² (6,755.8/sq mi) | | • [Urban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area) | 413,397 | | • Urban density | 4,445.1/km² (11,512.8/sq mi) | | [Time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone) | [UTC±00:00](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC±00:00) ([GMT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time)) | | [HDI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index) (2023) | 0.571[\[1\]](./#ref-1 "note 1"); medium · [2nd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_local_government_areas_of_the_Gambia_by_Human_Development_Index) | Banjul (/UKbænˈdʒuːl/,[\[2\]](./#ref-2 "note 2")[\[3\]](./#ref-3 "note 3") /USˈbɑːndʒuːl/),[\[2\]](./#ref-2 "note 2")[\[3\]](./#ref-3 "note 3") officially the City of Banjul, is the [capital city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city) of [The Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia) [corpus](../The_Gambia/ "in our corpus").[1](1/ "tree and pragmatics") The city of Banjul is located on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), which is in the [Gambia River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_River) where it enters the [Atlantic Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean).[2](2/ "tree and pragmatics") The population of the city proper is 26,461, with the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the City of Banjul and the [Kanifing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanifing) municipality, at a population of 405,809 (2024 census).[\[4\]](./#ref-4 "note 4")[3](3/ "tree and pragmatics") The island is connected to the mainland to the west and the rest of Greater Banjul Area via bridges.[4](4/ "tree and pragmatics") There are also ferries linking Banjul to the mainland at the other side of the river.[5](5/ "tree and pragmatics") From the 19th century until 24 April 1973, the city was known as Bathurst.[\[5\]](./#ref-5 "note 5")[6](6/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Etymology There are several etymologies for 'Banjul.'[7](7/ "tree and pragmatics") One traditional history recounts that Bandjougou, son of Barafin, came to the island after fleeing the attacks of [Soumaoro Kante](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soumaoro_Kante) on the [Manding region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manding_region).[8](8/ "tree and pragmatics") His name became attached to the island, and over time changed to 'Bandjoulou'.[\[6\]](./#ref-6 "note 6")[9](9/ "tree and pragmatics") Another theory claims that Banjul takes its name from Bang julo, the [Mandinka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka_language) word for [rope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope) fibre that the [Mandinka people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka_people) gathered on the island.[\[7\]](./#ref-7 "note 7")[10](10/ "tree and pragmatics") ## History In 1651, Banjul was leased by [the Duke of Courland and Semigallia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Kettler) ([German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language): [Herzog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzog) von Kurland und Semgallen) from the King of [Kombo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombo), as part of the [Curonian colonization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curonian_colonisation).[\[8\]](./#ref-8 "note 8")[11](11/ "tree and pragmatics") On 23 April 1816, [Tumani Bojang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumani_Bojang), the King of Kombo, ceded Banjul Island to [Alexander Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Grant_%28British_Army_officer%29), the British commandant, in exchange for an annual fee of 103 iron bars.[12](12/ "tree and pragmatics") Grant's expedition, consisting of 75 men and tasked with establishing a military garrison, had been ordered by [Charles MacCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_MacCarthy_%28British_Army_officer%29).[\[9\]](./#ref-9 "note 9")[13](13/ "tree and pragmatics") Grant founded Banjul as a trading post and base, constructing houses and barracks for controlling entrance to the Gambia estuary and suppressing the [slave trade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery).[\[10\]](./#ref-10 "note 10")[14](14/ "tree and pragmatics") The British renamed Banjul Island as St. Mary's Island and named the new town Bathurst, after [the 3rd Earl Bathurst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst), [Secretary of State for War and the Colonies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War_and_the_Colonies) at the time.[\[11\]](./#ref-11 "note 11")[15](15/ "tree and pragmatics") Streets were laid out in a modified grid pattern, and named after Allied generals at the [Battle of Waterloo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo).[16](16/ "tree and pragmatics") The town became the centre of British activity in the [Gambia Colony and Protectorate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate).[\[11\]](./#ref-11 "note 11")[17](17/ "tree and pragmatics") Within a few years of its establishment, the town started attracting migrants.[18](18/ "tree and pragmatics") Its population consisted of Africans of various origins, [Levantines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant) (Syrians, Lebanese) as well as Europeans (English, French, Portuguese).[19](19/ "tree and pragmatics") A majority of the population was Muslim but there was a significant Christian minority, including the [Aku inhabitants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people).[20](20/ "tree and pragmatics") The majority of the Africans consisted of [Wolof people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_people), whose population rose from 829 in 1881 to 3,666 in 1901 and then 10,130 in 1944.[21](21/ "tree and pragmatics") They had mainly hailed from [Gorée](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorée) and [Saint-Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Louis,_Senegal).[22](22/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Mandinka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka_people) were the second largest African group, followed by the [Jola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jola_people) as well as the [Fula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people).[23](23/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Serer people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serer_people) make up 3.5% of the country's demographics.[\[12\]](./#ref-12 "note 12")[24](24/ "tree and pragmatics") Islamic schools called dara were founded in Bathurst from its early years, resulting in the foundation of the first Muslim court in 1905, in addition to the increasingly more sophisticated British legal framework.[\[9\]](./#ref-9 "note 9")[25](25/ "tree and pragmatics") Bathurst was officially declared the capital of the [Protectorate of the Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate) in 1889, leading to an increase in population.[26](26/ "tree and pragmatics") Through the 20th century, it became an even greater attraction for Gambians due to the availability of jobs fuelled by British colonial activities as well as social activities such as cinemas. [\[13\]](./#ref-13 "note 13")[27](27/ "tree and pragmatics") Young men from rural farming villages would move to Bathurst to work at the Public Works Department (established in 1922) or docks.[28](28/ "tree and pragmatics") The town was an important Allied naval and air hub during [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II), resulting in an increase in population from 14,370 in 1931 to 21,154 in 1944.[\[9\]](./#ref-9 "note 9")[29](29/ "tree and pragmatics") After independence, the town's name was changed to Banjul in 1973.[\[10\]](./#ref-10 "note 10")[30](30/ "tree and pragmatics") On 22 July 1994, Banjul was the scene of a bloodless military [coup d'état](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Gambian_coup_d%27état) in which President Sir [Dawda Jawara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawda_Jawara) was overthrown and replaced by [Yahya Jammeh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Jammeh).[31](31/ "tree and pragmatics") To commemorate this event, [Arch 22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_22) was built as an entrance portal to the capital.[32](32/ "tree and pragmatics") The gate is 35 metres tall and stands at the centre of an open square.[33](33/ "tree and pragmatics") It houses a [textile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile) [museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum).[34](34/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Climate Banjul features hot weather year round.[35](35/ "tree and pragmatics") Under the [Köppen climate classification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification), Banjul features a [tropical wet and dry climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_wet_and_dry_climate) (Aw).[36](36/ "tree and pragmatics") The city features a lengthy [dry season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_season), spanning from November to May and a relatively short [wet season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_season) covering the remaining five months.[37](37/ "tree and pragmatics") However, during those five months, Banjul tends to see heavy rainfall.[38](38/ "tree and pragmatics") August is usually the rainiest month, with on average 350 mm of rainfall.[39](39/ "tree and pragmatics") Maximum temperatures are somewhat constant, though morning minima tend to be hotter during the wet season than the dry season.[40](40/ "tree and pragmatics") According to a Gambian government minister, Banjul is at risk of submerging under water by a metre rise in sea levels as a result of climate change and global warming.[\[14\]](./#ref-14 "note 14")[41](41/ "tree and pragmatics") Banjul mean sea temperature[\[15\]](./#ref-15 "note 15")[42](42/ "tree and pragmatics") | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 22 °C | 21 °C | 21 °C | 22 °C | 24 °C | 26 °C | 27 °C | 27 °C | 27 °C | 27 °C | 27 °C | 24 °C | 25 °C | ### Climate change A 2019 paper published in [PLOS One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLOS_One) estimated that under [Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_Concentration_Pathway#4.5), a "moderate" scenario of [climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change) where global warming reaches ~2.5-3 C-change by 2100, the climate of Banjul in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of [Bamako](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamako) [corpus](../Bamako/ "in our corpus") in [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali) [corpus](../Mali/ "in our corpus").[43](43/ "tree and pragmatics") The annual temperature would increase by 2 C-change, and the temperature of the warmest month by 3.3 C-change, while the temperature of the coldest month would actually decrease by 1.2 C-change.[\[16\]](./#ref-16 "note 16")[\[17\]](./#ref-17 "note 17")[44](44/ "tree and pragmatics") According to [Climate Action Tracker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Action_Tracker), the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 C-change, which closely matches RCP 4.5.[\[18\]](./#ref-18 "note 18")[45](45/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Districts Banjul Division (Greater Banjul Area) is divided into two districts:[46](46/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Banjul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul_District)[47](47/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kanifing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanifing_District)[48](48/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Economy Banjul is the country's economic and administrative centre and includes the [Central Bank of the Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Gambia).[49](49/ "tree and pragmatics") [Peanut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut) processing is the country's principal industry, but [beeswax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeswax), [palm wood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae), [palm oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_oil), and skins and hides are also shipped from the port of Banjul.[\[19\]](./#ref-19 "note 19")[50](50/ "tree and pragmatics") Banjul is also the home of the [Gambia Technical Training Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_Technical_Training_Institute).[51](51/ "tree and pragmatics") GTTI is engaged in a partnership with non-profit organization [Power Up Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Up_Gambia) to develop a [solar energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy) training program.[52](52/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transport The primary method of reaching the city by land is by road.[53](53/ "tree and pragmatics") A highway connects Banjul to [Serrekunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrekunda) which crosses the [Denton Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denton_Bridge_%28Gambia%29), however [ferries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry) provide another mode of transportation.[\[20\]](./#ref-20 "note 20")[54](54/ "tree and pragmatics") As of May 2014, ferries sail regularly from Banjul across the [Gambia River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_River) to [Barra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra,_Gambia).[\[21\]](./#ref-21 "note 21")[55](55/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is served by the [Banjul International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul_International_Airport).[56](56/ "tree and pragmatics") Banjul is on the [Trans–West African Coastal Highway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans–West_African_Coastal_Highway) connecting it to [Dakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakar) [corpus](../Dakar/ "in our corpus"), [Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissau) [corpus](../Bissau/ "in our corpus") and other cities.[57](57/ "tree and pragmatics") This project is eventually intended to provide a paved highway link to 11 other nations of the [Economic Community of West African States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECOWAS) (ECOWAS).[\[22\]](./#ref-22 "note 22")[58](58/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Culture Attractions in the city include the [Gambian National Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambian_National_Museum), the [Albert Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Market), [Banjul State House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul_State_House), [Banjul Court House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul_Court_House), and the African Heritage Museum.[\[23\]](./#ref-23 "note 23")[59](59/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Sport Banjul is the destination of the [Plymouth-Banjul Challenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth-Banjul_Challenge), a charity road rally.[60](60/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Education The [University of the Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Gambia) was founded in 1999.[\[24\]](./#ref-24 "note 24")[61](61/ "tree and pragmatics") There are about five senior secondary schools in Banjul.[62](62/ "tree and pragmatics") #### International schools - [Banjul American Embassy School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjul_American_Embassy_School)[63](63/ "tree and pragmatics") - [École Française de Banjul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/École_Française_de_Banjul) in [Bakau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakau)[\[25\]](./#ref-25 "note 25")[64](64/ "tree and pragmatics") - Maarif International School (Greater Banjul Area)[65](65/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Marina International School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_International_School) (Greater Banjul Area)[66](66/ "tree and pragmatics") - SBEC International School (Greater Banjul Area)[67](67/ "tree and pragmatics") - British International School The Gambia (Greater Banjul Area)[68](68/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Places of worship The [places of worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Places_of_worship) are predominantly [Muslim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam) [mosques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque).[69](69/ "tree and pragmatics") There are also [Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity) churches and congregations: [Roman Catholic Diocese of Banjul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Banjul) ([Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church)), [Church of the Province of West Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_West_Africa) ([Anglican Communion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion)), [Assemblies of God](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblies_of_God).[\[26\]](./#ref-26 "note 26")[70](70/ "tree and pragmatics") [King Fahad Mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Fahad_Mosque_%28Banjul%29) is the largest mosque in Banjul.[\[27\]](./#ref-27 "note 27")[71](71/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Notable people - [Alhaji Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhaji_Alieu_Ebrima_Cham_Joof) (1924—2011), historian, author, broadcaster, Pan-Africanist, anti colonial nationalist, and statesman.[72](72/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Gambino Akuboy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambino_Akuboy) (born 1985), singer & songwriter, actor and screenwriter[73](73/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Modou Badjie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modou_Badjie) (born 1997), footballer[74](74/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Musa Barrow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Barrow), footballer[75](75/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ebrima Darboe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrima_Darboe) (born 2001), football player[76](76/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ibrahim Muhammadu Garba-Jahumpa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Muhammadu_Garba-Jahumpa) (1912-1994), trade union leader and politician[77](77/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Nicolas Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Jackson), footballer[78](78/ "tree and pragmatics") - [David Jeng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jeng) (born 1992), entrepreneur[79](79/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [Divisions of the Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Gambia) [Districts of the Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_the_Gambia) ## Bibliography - "A Geocritical Representation of Banjul (Bathurst): 1816–2016".[80](80/ "tree and pragmatics") Global Hands Publishing.[81](81/ "tree and pragmatics") 2018.[82](82/ "tree and pragmatics") - Matthew James Park, [Heart of Banjul: The History of Banjul, The Gambia, 1816-1965](https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/3904/datastream/OBJ/download/HEART_OF_BANJUL___THE_HISTORY_OF_BANJUL__THE_GAMBIA__1816_-1965.pdf) .[83](83/ "tree and pragmatics") PhD dissertation, Michigan State University, 2016.[84](84/ "tree and pragmatics") - "Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History".[85](85/ "tree and pragmatics") Routledge.[86](86/ "tree and pragmatics") 2003.[87](87/ "tree and pragmatics") ## External links [A History of Banjul, PhD thesis](https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/3904/datastream/OBJ/View/) ## References {#references} 1\. "[Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab](https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GMB/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0)". 2\. "[Banjul](https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/banjul)". *[Collins English Dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary)*. [HarperCollins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins). 3\. "[Banjul](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Banjul)". (US) and "[Banjul](http://www.lexico.com/definition/Banjul)". [Oxford University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press). 4\. "[THE GAMBIA 2024 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Preliminary Report](https://www.gbosdata.org/downloads-file/544-2024-gphc-preliminary-report)". *The Gambia Bureau of Statistics*. August 2024. 5\. "[Gambia: The Post-Colonial Period, Part III](https://www.gambia.com/gambia-the-post-colonial-period-part-iii/)". Gambia. 6\. Mane, Daouda (2021). "Bipolarisation du Senegal du XVIe - XVIIe siecle". HGS Editions. 7\. "[Banjul](https://afrolegends.com/tag/banjul/)". *African Heritage*. 2021-05-21. 8\. Arnold Hughes; David Perfect (2008). "[Historical Dictionary of The Gambia](https://books.google.com/books?id=0C1eWHq8LZ4C&pg=PA43)". Scarecrow Press. 9\. Saho, Bala (2018). "Contours of Change: Muslim Courts, Women, and Islamic Society in Colonial Bathurst, the Gambia, 1905-1965". Michigan State University Press. 10\. "[History of Banjul](http://www.accessgambia.com/information/banjul-history.html)". Accessgambia.com. 11\. Arnold Hughes; David Perfect (2008). "[Historical Dictionary of The Gambia](https://books.google.com/books?id=0C1eWHq8LZ4C&pg=PA15)". Scarecrow Press. 12\. CIA World Fact: Gambia [link](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/summaries/) (retrieved 13 April 2024) 13\. "[Gambia: A Journey Through the 20th Century](https://www.mexicohistorico.com/paginas/gambia-a-journey-through-the-20th-century-e20d6846.html)". *www.mexicohistorico.com*. 14\. "[Gambia: Banjul Risks Sinking As Sea Level Rises](http://allafrica.com/stories/201208130585.html)". *[AllAfrica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllAfrica)*. 13 August 2012. 15\. (no text) 16\. Bastin, Jean-Francois; Clark, Emily; Elliott, Thomas; Hart, Simon; van den Hoogen, Johan; Hordijk, Iris; Ma, Haozhi; Majumder, Sabiha; Manoli, Gabriele (10 July 2019). "Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues". *PLOS ONE*. 17\. "[Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action](https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action)". 18\. "[The CAT Thermometer](https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/)". 19\. "[Gambia, The](https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5459.htm)". State.gov. 2012-07-03. 20\. "[Denton Bridge bridge, Banjul, Gambia](http://gm.geoview.info/denton_bridge,2412327)". *Gambia*. 21\. "[Virtual Tourist, The Gambia Transportation](http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Africa/The_Gambia/Transportation-The_Gambia-TG-C-1.html)". 22\. Agana, Roger A. (28 February 2025). "[West African Nations Finalize Plans for 3,164-Kilometer Coastal Highway to Boost Regional Trade](https://www.newsghana.com.gh/west-african-nations-finalize-plans-for-3164-kilometer-coastal-highway-to-boost-regional-trade)". *News Ghana*. 23\. "[Banjul Travel information](http://www.happytellus.com/banjul/gambia)". *HappyTellus*. 2009-06-14. 24\. "[About UTG – University Of The Gambia](https://www.utg.edu.gm/elementor-3725/)". 25\. "[École française de Banjul](https://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/gambie-banjul-bakau-ecole-francaise-de-banjul)". *[Agency for French Teaching Abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_French_Teaching_Abroad) (AEFE)*. 26\. J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, *Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices*, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1172 27\. "[Be God-fearing – Imam Ratib Kah told Muslims - The Point](https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/be-god-fearing-imam-ratib-kah-told-muslims)". *thepoint.gm*. - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)