---
title: In 1291 Beirut was captured and the Crusaders expelled by the Mamluk… — Beirut · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1291 Beirut was captured and the Crusaders expelled by the Mamluk army of Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil. Who acts: Mamluk army. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Beirut» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Beirut, sentence 88

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From Wikipedia, [«Beirut»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1291 Beirut was captured and the Crusaders expelled by the Mamluk army of Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil.

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**Who acts:** Mamluk army · **What happens:** capture, expel · **To what, where:** Beirut, 1291, Crusaders

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Beirut». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mamluk army), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Beirut:88
# text = In 1291 Beirut was captured and the Crusaders expelled by the Mamluk army of Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1291	1291	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
3	Beirut	Beirut	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	captured	capture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Crusaders	crusader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	expelled	expel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Mamluk	Mamluk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Sultan	Sultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	al	Al	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Ashraf	Ashraf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	Khalil	Khalil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | past · passive |  | Beirut |  | 1291 |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **expel** | participle · passive | the Mamluk army of Sultan and Ashraf | the Crusaders |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Beirut», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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