--- title: Belgrade — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 5 description: Wikipedia's «Belgrade», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Belgrade (/bɛlˈgreɪd/ bel-GRAYD or /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd; Београд / Beograd, beǒɡrad) is the capital and historic largest city of Serbia. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Belgrade/page/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Belgrade # Belgrade · page 5 From Wikipedia, [«Belgrade»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Belgrade/) … [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Belgrade/page/4/) **5** A more traditional Serbian nightlife experience, accompanied by traditional music known as [Starogradska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starogradska_muzika) (roughly translated as Old Town Music), typical of northern Serbia's urban environments, is most prominent in [Skadarlija](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skadarlija), the city's old [bohemian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianism) neighbourhood where the poets and artists of Belgrade gathered in the 19th and early 20th centuries.[407](../../407/ "tree and pragmatics") Skadar Street (the centre of Skadarlija) and the surrounding neighbourhood are lined with some of Belgrade's best and oldest traditional restaurants (called [kafanas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafana) in Serbian), which date back to that period.[\[248\]](../../page/5/#ref-248 "note 248")[408](../../408/ "tree and pragmatics") At one end of the neighbourhood stands Belgrade's oldest beer brewery, founded in the first half of the 19th century.[\[249\]](../../page/5/#ref-249 "note 249")[409](../../409/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the city's oldest kafanas is the [Znak pitanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znak_pitanja) ('?').[\[250\]](../../page/5/#ref-250 "note 250")[410](../../410/ "tree and pragmatics") [The Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) reported that Europe's best nightlife can be found in Belgrade.[\[251\]](../../page/5/#ref-251 "note 251")[411](../../411/ "tree and pragmatics") In the [Lonely Planet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonely_Planet) 1000 Ultimate Experiences Guide of 2009, Belgrade was placed at the 1st spot among the top 10 party cities in the world.[\[252\]](../../page/5/#ref-252 "note 252")[412](../../412/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Fashion and design Since 1996,[\[253\]](../../page/5/#ref-253 "note 253") semiannual (autumn/winter and spring/summer seasons) [fashion weeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_week) are held citywide.[413](../../413/ "tree and pragmatics") Numerous Serbian and foreign designers and fashion brands have their shows during [Belgrade Fashion Week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Fashion_Week).[414](../../414/ "tree and pragmatics") The festival, which collaborates with [London Fashion Week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Fashion_Week), has helped launch the international careers of local talents such as [George Styler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Styler) and [Ana Ljubinković](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Ljubinković).[415](../../415/ "tree and pragmatics") British fashion designer [Roksanda Ilinčić](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roksanda_Ilinčić), who was born in the city, also frequently presents her runway shows in Belgrade.[416](../../416/ "tree and pragmatics") In addition to fashion, there are two major design shows held in Belgrade every year which attract international architects and industrial designers such as [Karim Rashid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Rashid), [Daniel Libeskind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Libeskind), [Patricia Urquiola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Urquiola), and [Konstantin Grcic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Grcic).[417](../../417/ "tree and pragmatics") Both the [Mikser Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikser_Festival) and [Belgrade Design Week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Design_Week) feature lectures, exhibits and competitions.[418](../../418/ "tree and pragmatics") Furthermore, international designers like [Sacha Lakic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacha_Lakic), [Ana Kraš](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Kraš), [Bojana Sentaler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojana_Sentaler), and [Marek Djordjevic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek_Djordjevic) are originally from Belgrade.[419](../../419/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Media See also: [List of media organisations in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_media_organisations_in_Belgrade) Belgrade is the most important media hub in Serbia.[420](../../420/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is home to the main headquarters of the national broadcaster [Radio Television Serbia (RTS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia), which is a public service broadcaster.[\[254\]](../../page/5/#ref-254 "note 254")[421](../../421/ "tree and pragmatics") The most popular commercial broadcaster is [RTV Pink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTV_Pink), a Serbian media multinational, known for its popular entertainment programmes.[422](../../422/ "tree and pragmatics") One of the most popular commercial broadcasters is [B92](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B92), another media company, which has its own TV station, radio station, and music and book publishing arms, as well as the most popular website on the Serbian internet.[\[255\]](../../page/5/#ref-255 "note 255")[\[256\]](../../page/5/#ref-256 "note 256")[423](../../423/ "tree and pragmatics") Other TV stations broadcasting from Belgrade include [1Prva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_Srpska_Televizija) (formerly Fox televizija), [Nova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova.rs), [N1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N1_%28television%29) and others which only cover the greater Belgrade municipal area, such as [Studio B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTV_Studio_B).[424](../../424/ "tree and pragmatics") High-circulation daily newspapers published in Belgrade include [Politika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika), [Blic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blic), [Alo!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alo!), [Kurir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurir) and [Danas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danas_%28newspaper%29).[425](../../425/ "tree and pragmatics") There are two sporting dailies, [Sportski žurnal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportski_žurnal) and [Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL_Sport), and one economic daily, Privredni pregled.[426](../../426/ "tree and pragmatics") A new free distribution daily, [24 sata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_sata_%28Serbia%29), was founded in the autumn of 2006.[427](../../427/ "tree and pragmatics") Also, Serbian editions of licensed magazines such as [Harper's Bazaar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar), [Elle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elle_%28magazine%29), [Cosmopolitan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmopolitan_Serbia), [National Geographic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_%28magazine%29), [Men's Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_Health), [Grazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grazia) and others have their headquarters in the city.[428](../../428/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Sport and recreation See also: [List of sporting events in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sporting_events_in_Belgrade) There are approximately one-thousand sports facilities in Belgrade, many of which are capable of serving all levels of sporting events.[\[257\]](../../page/5/#ref-257 "note 257")[429](../../429/ "tree and pragmatics") [Ada Ciganlija](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Ciganlija) island, with its lake and beaches, is one of the most important recreational areas in the city.[430](../../430/ "tree and pragmatics") With a total of 8 km beaches, and a variety of bars, cafés, restaurants and sport facilities, Ada Ciganlija attracts many visitors, especially in summertime.[431](../../431/ "tree and pragmatics") [Košutnjak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Košutnjak) Park Forest has numerous running and bike trails, sports facilities for a variety of sports, and indoor and outdoor pools.[432](../../432/ "tree and pragmatics") It is a popular destination that is located only 2 km from Ada Ciganlija.[433](../../433/ "tree and pragmatics") During the 1960s and 1970s Belgrade held a number of major international events such as the first ever World Aquatics Championships in [1973](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_World_Aquatics_Championships), [1976 European Football Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1976) and [1973 European Cup Final](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972–73_European_Cup), European Athletics Championships in [1962](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_European_Athletics_Championships) and [European Indoor Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships) in 1969, European Basketball Championships in [1961](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_1961) and [1975](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_1975), European Volleyball Championship for [men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Men%27s_European_Volleyball_Championship) and [women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Women%27s_European_Volleyball_Championship) in 1975 and World Amateur Boxing Championships in [1978](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_World_Amateur_Boxing_Championships).[434](../../434/ "tree and pragmatics") Since the early 2000s Belgrade again hosts major sporting events nearly every year.[435](../../435/ "tree and pragmatics") Some of these include [EuroBasket 2005](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroBasket_2005), European Handball Championship ([men's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_European_Men%27s_Handball_Championship) and [women's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_European_Women%27s_Handball_Championship)) in 2012, [World Handball Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_Women%27s_Handball_Championship) for women in 2013, European Volleyball Championships for men in [2005](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_European_Volleyball_Championship) and [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Women%27s_European_Volleyball_Championship) for women, the 2006 and 2016 [European Water Polo Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Water_Polo_Championship), the [European Youth Olympic Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Youth_Olympic_Festival) 2007 and the [2009 Summer Universiade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiade).[\[258\]](../../page/5/#ref-258 "note 258")[436](../../436/ "tree and pragmatics") More recently, Belgrade hosted [European Athletics Indoor Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships) in 2017 and the basketball [EuroLeague Final Four](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroLeague_Final_Four) tournaments in 2018 and 2022.[437](../../437/ "tree and pragmatics") Global and continental championships in other sports such as [tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis), [futsal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futsal), [judo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo), [karate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate), [wrestling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling), [rowing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing_%28sport%29), [kickboxing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickboxing), [table tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis), and [chess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess) have also been held in recent years.[438](../../438/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is home to Serbia's two biggest and most successful [football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) clubs, [Red Star Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade) and [Partizan Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FK_Partizan).[439](../../439/ "tree and pragmatics") Red Star won the [UEFA Champions League](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League) (European Cup) in [1991](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990–91_European_Cup), and Partizan was runner-up in [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965–66_European_Cup).[440](../../440/ "tree and pragmatics") The two major stadiums in Belgrade are Marakana ([Red Star Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Star_Stadium)) and [Partizan Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partizan_Stadium).[\[259\]](../../page/5/#ref-259 "note 259")[441](../../441/ "tree and pragmatics") The [rivalry between Red Star and Partizan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_derby_%28Serbia%29) is one of the fiercest in world football.[\[260\]](../../page/5/#ref-260 "note 260")[442](../../442/ "tree and pragmatics") With a capacity of 19,384 spectators, [Belgrade Arena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Arena) is one of the largest indoor arenas in Europe.[\[261\]](../../page/5/#ref-261 "note 261")[443](../../443/ "tree and pragmatics") It is used for major sporting events and large concerts.[444](../../444/ "tree and pragmatics") In May 2008, it was the venue for the [53rd Eurovision Song Contest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008).[\[262\]](../../page/5/#ref-262 "note 262")[445](../../445/ "tree and pragmatics") [Aleksandar Nikolić Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Nikolić_Hall) is the main venue of [basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball) clubs [KK Partizan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KK_Partizan), the European champion of 1992, and [KK Crvena Zvezda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KK_Crvena_Zvezda).[\[263\]](../../page/5/#ref-263 "note 263")[\[264\]](../../page/5/#ref-264 "note 264")[446](../../446/ "tree and pragmatics") In recent years, Belgrade has also given rise to several world-class tennis players such as [Ana Ivanovic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Ivanovic), [Jelena Janković](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelena_Janković) and [Novak Djokovic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novak_Djokovic).[447](../../447/ "tree and pragmatics") Ivanovic and Djokovic are the first female and male Belgraders, respectively, to win [Grand Slam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29) singles titles and been [ATP number 1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_tennis_players) with Jelena Janković.[448](../../448/ "tree and pragmatics") The Serbian national team won the [2010 Davis Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Davis_Cup_World_Group), beating the French team in the finals played in the Belgrade Arena.[\[265\]](../../page/5/#ref-265 "note 265")[449](../../449/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Belgrade Marathon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Marathon) is held annually since 1988.[450](../../450/ "tree and pragmatics") Belgrade was a candidate to host the 1992 and the 1996 [Summer Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games).[\[266\]](../../page/5/#ref-266 "note 266")[\[267\]](../../page/5/#ref-267 "note 267")[451](../../451/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Education See also: [List of educational institutions in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Belgrade) Belgrade has two state universities and several private institutions of higher education.[452](../../452/ "tree and pragmatics") The [University of Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Belgrade), founded in 1808 as the [Velika škola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velika_škola), is the oldest institution of higher learning in Serbia.[\[268\]](../../page/5/#ref-268 "note 268")[453](../../453/ "tree and pragmatics") Having developed with much of the rest of the city in the 19th century, several university buildings are recognised as forming a constituent part of Belgrade's architecture and [cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage).[454](../../454/ "tree and pragmatics") With enrolment numbers of nearly 90,000 students, the university is one of Europe's largest.[\[269\]](../../page/5/#ref-269 "note 269")[455](../../455/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is also home to 195 primary (elementary) schools and 85 secondary schools.[456](../../456/ "tree and pragmatics") The primary school system has 162 regular schools, 14 [special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_education) schools, 15 art schools, and 4 adult schools, while the secondary school system has 51 vocational schools, 21 [gymnasiums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasium_%28school%29), 8 art schools and 5 special schools.[457](../../457/ "tree and pragmatics") The 230,000 pupils are managed by 22,000 employees in over 500 buildings, covering around 1.1 e6m2.[\[270\]](../../page/5/#ref-270 "note 270")[458](../../458/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Transportation Main article: [Transport in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Belgrade) See also: [Trams in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams_in_Belgrade), [Bridges in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridges_in_Belgrade) Belgrade has an extensive public transport system consisting of buses (118 urban lines and more than 300 suburban lines), trams (12 lines), [trolleybuses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybus) (8 lines) and [BG Voz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BG_Voz) (6 lines).[\[271\]](../../page/5/#ref-271 "note 271")[\[272\]](../../page/5/#ref-272 "note 272")[459](../../459/ "tree and pragmatics") Buses, trolleybuses and trams are run by [GSP Beograd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSP_Beograd) and [SP Lasta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasta_Beograd) in cooperation with private companies on some bus routes.[460](../../460/ "tree and pragmatics") The suburban train network, BG Voz, run by city government in cooperation with [Serbian Railways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Railways), is a part of the integrated transport system, and has three lines (Batajnica-Ovča and Ovča-Resnik and Belgrade centre-Mladenovac), with more announced.[\[273\]](../../page/5/#ref-273 "note 273")[\[274\]](../../page/5/#ref-274 "note 274") as of 2024 02 27 tickets may be purchased either via SMS or in physical paper form via the Beograd plus system.[\[275\]](../../page/5/#ref-275 "note 275")[461](../../461/ "tree and pragmatics") Daily connections link the capital to other towns in Serbia and many other European destinations through the city's [central bus station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Bus_Station).[462](../../462/ "tree and pragmatics") Since January 2025 all public transport in Belgrade is free.[\[276\]](../../page/5/#ref-276 "note 276")[463](../../463/ "tree and pragmatics") [Beovoz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beovoz) was the [suburban/commuter railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_rail) network that provided [mass-transit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-transit) services in the city, similar to Paris's [RER](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réseau_Express_Régional) and Toronto's [GO Transit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GO_Transit).[464](../../464/ "tree and pragmatics") The main usage of system was to connect the suburbs with the city centre.[465](../../465/ "tree and pragmatics") Beovoz was operated by [Serbian Railways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Railways).[\[277\]](../../page/5/#ref-277 "note 277")[466](../../466/ "tree and pragmatics") However, this system was abolished back in 2013, mostly due to introduction of more efficient BG Voz.[467](../../467/ "tree and pragmatics") Belgrade is one of the last big European capitals and cities with over a million people to have no metro or subway or other [rapid transit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit) system.[468](../../468/ "tree and pragmatics") As of 2025, the [Belgrade Metro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Metro) is currently under construction, which will have 2 lines.[469](../../469/ "tree and pragmatics") The first line is expected to be operational by August 2028.[\[278\]](../../page/5/#ref-278 "note 278")[\[279\]](../../page/5/#ref-279 "note 279")[470](../../470/ "tree and pragmatics") The new [Belgrade Centre railway station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Centre_railway_station) is the hub for almost all national and international trains.[471](../../471/ "tree and pragmatics") The [high-speed rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail) that connects Belgrade with [Novi Sad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_Sad) started its service on 19 March 2022.[\[280\]](../../page/5/#ref-280 "note 280")[472](../../472/ "tree and pragmatics") The extension towards [Subotica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subotica) and [Budapest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest) [corpus](../../../Budapest/ "in our corpus") is under construction,[\[281\]](../../page/5/#ref-281 "note 281") and there are plans for a southwards extension towards [Niš](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niš) and [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia) [corpus](../../../North_Macedonia/ "in our corpus").[\[282\]](../../page/5/#ref-282 "note 282")[473](../../473/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is placed along the [Pan-European corridors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-European_corridors) [X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-European_Corridor_X) and VII.[\[11\]](../../page/5/#ref-11 "note 11")[474](../../474/ "tree and pragmatics") The motorway system provides for easy access to Novi Sad and Budapest to the north, Niš to the south, and [Zagreb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb) [corpus](../../../Zagreb/ "in our corpus") to the west.[475](../../475/ "tree and pragmatics") Expressway is also toward Pančevo and new Expressway construction toward Obrenovac (Montenegro) is scheduled for March 2017.[476](../../476/ "tree and pragmatics") [Belgrade bypass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_bypass) is connecting the [E70](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E70_in_Serbia) and [E75](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E75_in_Serbia) motorways and is under construction.[\[283\]](../../page/5/#ref-283 "note 283")[477](../../477/ "tree and pragmatics") Situated at the confluence of two major rivers, the Danube and the Sava, Belgrade has 11 bridges, the most important of which are [Branko's Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branko%27s_Bridge), [Gazela Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazela_Bridge), [Ada Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Bridge) and [Pupin Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupin_Bridge), the first two of which connect the core of the city to [New Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Belgrade).[478](../../478/ "tree and pragmatics") In addition, an 'inner magistral semi-ring' is almost done and includes a new Ada bridge across the Sava river (opened in 2012)[\[284\]](../../page/5/#ref-284 "note 284") and a new Pupin bridge (opened in 2014)[\[285\]](../../page/5/#ref-285 "note 285") across the Danube, which ease [commuting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuting) within the city and unload traffic from the Gazela Bridge and Branko's Bridge.[\[286\]](../../page/5/#ref-286 "note 286")[479](../../479/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Port of Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Belgrade) is on the Danube, and allows the city to receive goods by river.[\[287\]](../../page/5/#ref-287 "note 287")[480](../../480/ "tree and pragmatics") The city is also served by [Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade_Nikola_Tesla_Airport), 12 km west of the city centre, near [Surčin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surčin).[481](../../481/ "tree and pragmatics") At its peak in 1986, almost 3 million passengers travelled through the airport, though that number dwindled to a trickle in the 1990s.[\[288\]](../../page/5/#ref-288 "note 288")[482](../../482/ "tree and pragmatics") Following renewed growth in 2000, the number of passengers reached approximately 2 million in 2004 and 2005,[\[289\]](../../page/5/#ref-289 "note 289") over 2.6 million passengers in 2008,[\[290\]](../../page/5/#ref-290 "note 290") reaching over 3 million passengers.[\[291\]](../../page/5/#ref-291 "note 291")[483](../../483/ "tree and pragmatics") A record with over 4 million passengers was broken in 2014, when Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport became the second fastest growing major airport in Europe.[\[292\]](../../page/5/#ref-292 "note 292")[484](../../484/ "tree and pragmatics") The numbers continued to grow steadily and the all-time peak of over 6 million passengers was reached in 2019.[\[293\]](../../page/5/#ref-293 "note 293")[485](../../485/ "tree and pragmatics") ## International relations ### Twin towns – sister cities See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Serbia) Belgrade is [twinned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_city) with:[\[294\]](../../page/5/#ref-294 "note 294")[486](../../486/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Coventry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry), United Kingdom, since 1957[\[295\]](../../page/5/#ref-295 "note 295")[\[296\]](../../page/5/#ref-296 "note 296")[487](../../487/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago), United States, since 2005[488](../../488/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Ljubljana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana) [corpus](../../../Ljubljana/ "in our corpus"), Slovenia, since 2010[\[297\]](../../page/5/#ref-297 "note 297")[\[298\]](../../page/5/#ref-298 "note 298")[489](../../489/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Skopje](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skopje) [corpus](../../../Skopje/ "in our corpus"), North Macedonia, since 2012[\[299\]](../../page/5/#ref-299 "note 299")[\[300\]](../../page/5/#ref-300 "note 300")[490](../../490/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai), China, since 2018[\[301\]](../../page/5/#ref-301 "note 301")[491](../../491/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Banja Luka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banja_Luka), Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2020[\[302\]](../../page/5/#ref-302 "note 302")[492](../../492/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Xiamen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen), China, since 2025[\[303\]](../../page/5/#ref-303 "note 303")[493](../../493/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Partner cities Other friendships and cooperations, protocols, memorandums:[\[294\]](../../page/5/#ref-294 "note 294")[494](../../494/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Sarajevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo) [corpus](../../../Sarajevo/ "in our corpus"), Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2018, Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation[495](../../495/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rabat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabat) [corpus](../../../Rabat/ "in our corpus"), Morocco, since 2017, Partnership and Cooperation Agreement[496](../../496/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul) [corpus](../../../Seoul/ "in our corpus"), South Korea, since 2017, Memorandum of Understanding on Friendly Exchanges and Cooperation[497](../../497/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Astana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana) [corpus](../../../Astana/ "in our corpus"), Kazakhstan, since 2016, Agreement on Cooperation[\[304\]](../../page/5/#ref-304 "note 304")[498](../../498/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tehran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran) [corpus](../../../Tehran/ "in our corpus"), Iran, since 2016, Agreement on Cooperation[\[305\]](../../page/5/#ref-305 "note 305")[499](../../499/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Corfu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu_%28city%29), Greece, since 2010, Protocol on Cooperation[500](../../500/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Shenzhen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhen), China, since 2009, Agreement on Cooperation[\[306\]](../../page/5/#ref-306 "note 306")[501](../../501/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Zagreb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb) [corpus](../../../Zagreb/ "in our corpus"), Croatia, since 2003, Letter of Intent[502](../../502/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Kyiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv) [corpus](../../../Kyiv/ "in our corpus"), Ukraine, since 2002, Agreement on Cooperation[503](../../503/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Algiers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers) [corpus](../../../Algiers/ "in our corpus"), Algeria, since 1991 declaration of mutual interests[504](../../504/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Tel Aviv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv), Israel, since 1990, Agreement on Cooperation[505](../../505/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Bucharest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest) [corpus](../../../Bucharest/ "in our corpus"), Romania, since 1999, Agreement on Cooperation[506](../../506/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing) [corpus](../../../Beijing/ "in our corpus"), China, since 1980, Agreement on Cooperation[\[307\]](../../page/5/#ref-307 "note 307")[507](../../507/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome) [corpus](../../../Rome/ "in our corpus"), Italy, since 1971, Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation[508](../../508/ "tree and pragmatics") - [Athens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens) [corpus](../../../Athens/ "in our corpus"), Greece, since 1966, Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation[509](../../509/ "tree and pragmatics") Some of the city's municipalities are also twinned to small cities or districts of other big cities; for details see their respective articles.[510](../../510/ "tree and pragmatics") Belgrade has received various domestic and international honours, including the French [Légion d'honneur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Légion_d%27honneur) (proclaimed 21 December 1920; Belgrade is one of four cities outside France, alongside [Liège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liège), [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg_City) [corpus](../../../Luxembourg_City/ "in our corpus") and [Volgograd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd), to receive this honour), the [Czechoslovak War Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1918) (awarded 8 October 1925), the Yugoslavian [Order of the Karađorđe's Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Karađorđe%27s_Star) (awarded 18 May 1939) and the Yugoslavian [Order of the People's Hero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_People%27s_Hero) (proclaimed on 20 October 1974, the 30th anniversary of the overthrow of [Nazi German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany) occupation during World War II).[\[308\]](../../page/5/#ref-308 "note 308")[511](../../511/ "tree and pragmatics") All of these decorations were received for the war efforts during World War I and World War II.[\[309\]](../../page/5/#ref-309 "note 309")[512](../../512/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2006, [Financial Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times) magazine [Foreign Direct Investment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDi_magazine) awarded Belgrade the title of City of the Future of Southern Europe.[\[310\]](../../page/5/#ref-310 "note 310")[\[311\]](../../page/5/#ref-311 "note 311")[513](../../513/ "tree and pragmatics") ## See also [List of people from Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Belgrade) [List of cities and towns on the river Danube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_on_the_river_Danube) [List of metropolitan areas in Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Europe) ## Sources - Calic, Marie-Janine (2019). "[514](../../514/ "tree and pragmatics") A History of Yugoslavia".[515](../../515/ "tree and pragmatics") Purdue University.[516](../../516/ "tree and pragmatics") - Pavić, Milorad (2000). "[517](../../517/ "tree and pragmatics") A Short History of Belgrade".[518](../../518/ "tree and pragmatics") Dereta.[519](../../519/ "tree and pragmatics") - Tešanović, Jasmina (2000). "[520](../../520/ "tree and pragmatics") [The Diary of a Political Idiot: Normal Life in Belgrade](https://archive.org/details/diaryofpolitical00tesa_0)".[521](../../521/ "tree and pragmatics") [Cleis Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleis_Press).[522](../../522/ "tree and pragmatics") - Levinsohn, Florence Hamlish (1995). "[523](../../523/ "tree and pragmatics") Belgrade : among the Serbs".[524](../../524/ "tree and pragmatics") Ivan R. Dee.[525](../../525/ "tree and pragmatics") - Paton, Andrew Archibald (4 November 2005). "[526](../../526/ "tree and pragmatics") [Servia, Youngest Member of the European Family: or, A Residence in Belgrade, and Travels in the Highlands and Woodlands of the Interior, during the years 1843 and 1844.](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16999/16999-h/16999-h.htm)".[527](../../527/ "tree and pragmatics") Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.[528](../../528/ "tree and pragmatics") - Norris, David A (2008). "[529](../../529/ "tree and pragmatics") Belgrade A Cultural History".[530](../../530/ "tree and pragmatics") Oxford University Press.[531](../../531/ "tree and pragmatics") ## External links [Tourist Organisation of Belgrade](https://web.archive.org/web/20110119012627/http://www.tob.rs/en/index.php) [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Belgrade/) … [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Belgrade/page/4/) **5** ## References {#references} 1\. "[Ancient Period](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172)". City of Belgrade. 5 October 2000. 2\. "[Statistički godišnjak Beograda](https://zis.beograd.gov.rs/images/ZIS/Files/Godisnjak/G_2022S.pdf)". Zavod za statistiku grada Beograda. 3\. Kovačević, Miladin (April 2023). "[НАЦИОНАЛНА ПРИПАДНОСТ: Подаци по општинама и градовима](https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/Pdf/G20234001.pdf)" \[ETHNICITY: Data by municipalities and cities\]. *Попис становништва домаћинстава и станова 2022. године*. Републички завод за статистику \[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia\]. 4\. Kovačević, Miladin (May 2023). "[СТАРОСТ И ПОЛ: Подаци по насељима](https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2023/Pdf/G20234003.pdf)" \[AGE AND SEX: Data by settlements\]. *Попис становништва домаћинстава и станова 2022. године*. Републички завод за статистику \[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia\]. 5\. N/A, N/A (25 December 2025). "[ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ 2025: Подаци по општинама и градовима](https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2025/Pdf/G202513052.pdf)" \[Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia 2025\]. *ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ 2025*. Републички завод за статистику \[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia\]. 6\. (no text) 7\. "[Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab](https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/)". *globaldatalab.org*. 8\. "Collins English Dictionary". HarperCollins. 2018. 9\. "[Definition of Belgrade \| Dictionary.com](https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Belgrade)". *www.dictionary.com*. 10\. also /USbɛlˈɡrɑːd,\_-ˈɡræd/ *bel-GRAHD-,_---GRAD*\[9\] 11\. "[Why invest in Belgrade?](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=1299561)". City of Belgrade. 12\. "[Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia 2025. Data by settlements](https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2025/Pdf/G202513052.pdf)". 2025. 13\. "[Discover Belgrade](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=320)". City of Belgrade. 14\. Rich, John (1992). "[The City in Late Antiquity](https://books.google.com/books?id=_uMP91pRf0UC&pg=PA113)". CRC Press. 15\. "[The History of Belgrade](http://www.belgradenet.com/belgrade_history_middle_ages.html)". BelgradeNet Travel Guide. 16\. Yugoslavia was first named so with the [1929 constitutional changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship). The country [collapsed by 1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia), at which point the polity called the [Federal Republic of Yugoslavia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia) persisted under the name until its renaming to Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, and [dissolution in 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum). 17\. Nurden, Robert (22 March 2009). "[Belgrade has risen from the ashes to become the Balkans' party city](https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/belgrade-has-risen-from-the-ashes-to-become-the-balkans-party-city-1651037.html)". *Independent*. 18\. "[Assembly of the City of Belgrade](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201014)". City of Belgrade. 19\. "[The World According to GAWC 2012](http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html)". GAWC. 20\. "[About](https://www.bie-paris.org/site/en/about-specialised-expos)". 21\. Saric, J. (2008). "Paleolithic and mesolithic finds from profile of the Zemun loess". *Starinar*. 22\. Chapman, John (2000). "Fragmentation in Archaeology: People, Places, and Broken Objects". Routledge. 23\. Chapman, John (1981). "The Vinča culture of south-east Europe: Studies in chronology, economy and society (2 vols)". BAR. 24\. Radivojević, M.; Rehren, T.; Pernicka, E.; Šljivar, D. A.; Brauns, M.; Borić, D. A. (2010). "On the origins of extractive metallurgy: New evidence from Europe". *Journal of Archaeological Science*. 25\. Haarmann, Harald (2002). "Geschichte der Schrift". C.H. Beck. 26\. "Српска породична енциклопедија, књига 3, Ба-Би" \[Serbian family encynclopedia, Vol. 3, Ba-Bi\]. Narodna Knjiga, Politika. 2006. 27\. "[Belgrade A Cultural History](https://books.google.com/books?id=b7RWayXdH0UC&pg=PA3)". [Oxford University Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press). 29 October 2008. 28\. "[Jason and the Argonauts sail again](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/2259344/Jason-and-the-Argonauts-sail-again.html)". *[The Telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph)*. 29\. "[Belgrade Fortress history](http://www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.rs/Belgrade-Fortress-history_2178-74_2176)". Public Enterprise "Belgrade Fortress". 30\. "[Constantine I – Britannica Online Encyclopedia](https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109633/Constantine-I)". *Britannica.com*. 31\. "[Philologic Results-](http://artfl.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.25:1:283.harpers)". The ARTFL Project. 32\. "[History (Ancient Period)](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172)". Beograd.rs. 33\. "[City of Belgrade – Ancient Period](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172)". Beograd.rs. 5 October 2000. 34\. Friell, Gerard; Williams, Stephen (1999). "[The Rome that Did Not Fall: The Survival of the East in the Fifth Century](https://books.google.com/books?id=tGLN47tfT4UC&pg=PA67)". Psychology Press. 35\. Roy E. H. Mellor (1975). "[Eastern Europe: a geography of the Comecon countries](https://books.google.com/books?id=uUoeAAAAMAAJ)". Macmillan. 36\. Procopius, De Bello Gothico, III:34, quoted in Pohl 1997, pp. 89–90 37\. Bury, J. B. (2009). 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"[History (Important Years Through City History)](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201239)". Beograd.rs. 67\. Radović, Srđan (2014). "Beogradski odonimi.". 68\. Vesković, Ivana (2010). "Čukur česma=Čukur fountain". The Cultural Heritage Protection Institute of the City of Belgrade. 69\. Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, *History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume 2: Reform, Revolution and Republic—The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808–1975* (Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 148. 70\. Calic 2019, p. 18. 71\. "Nationalism and Architecture.". 2012. 72\. Hawkesworth, Celia (2000). "Voices in the Shadows: Women and Verbal Art in Serbia and Bosnia". Central European University Press. 73\. "[History (The Capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia)](http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201259)". Beograd.rs. 74\. Lahmeyer, Jan (3 February 2003). 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