---
title: Local languages are used as the many languages of instruction in ele… — Benin · tree and pragmatics
description: Local languages are used as the many languages of instruction in elementary schools, with French introduced in later years. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Benin» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Benin, sentence 153

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From Wikipedia, [«Benin»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Local languages are used as the many languages of instruction in elementary schools, with French introduced in later years.

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**What happens:** use, introduce · **To what, where:** Local languages, elementary schools

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Benin». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Benin:153
# text = Local languages are used as the many languages of instruction in elementary schools, with French introduced in later years.
1	Local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	elementary	elementary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Local languages |  | elementary schools and French |  | as the many languages of instruction | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as language=Attribute |
| 2 | **introduce** | participle |  | elementary schools and French *not said here* |  |  | year |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Benin», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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