---
title: German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Be… — Berlin · tree and pragmatics
description: German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Berlin (or Alt-Berlin; at the site of today's Nikolaiviertel) and Cölln (on the island in the Spree now known as Museum Island). Who acts: German merchants. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Berlin» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Berlin, sentence 41

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From Wikipedia, [«Berlin»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Berlin (or Alt-Berlin; at the site of today's Nikolaiviertel) and Cölln (on the island in the Spree now known as Museum Island).

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**Who acts:** German merchants · **What happens:** found, know · **To what, where:** two settlements, city center, island

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Berlin». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (German merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Berlin:41
# text = German merchants founded two settlements in today's city center – Berlin (or Alt-Berlin; at the site of today's Nikolaiviertel) and Cölln (on the island in the Spree now known as Museum Island).
1	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	founded	found	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	settlements	settlement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	center	center	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Alt	Alt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	's	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
25	Nikolaiviertel	Nikolaiviertel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Cölln	Cölln	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Spree	spree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	37	advmod	_	_
37	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
38	as	as	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	Museum	Museum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past | German merchants | two settlements |  | today's city center |  | at the site of today's Nikolaiviertel and Cölln | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent settlement=Patient |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  | the island in the Spree *not said here* |  |  | now | as Museum Island | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as island=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Berlin», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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