---
title: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bhutan's tourism industry suffered sig… — Bhutan · tree and pragmatics
description: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bhutan's tourism industry suffered significantly, causing the economy to contract by 10%. Who acts: tourism industry, economy. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bhutan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bhutan, sentence 118

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From Wikipedia, [«Bhutan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bhutan's tourism industry suffered significantly, causing the economy to contract by 10%.

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**Who acts:** tourism industry, economy · **What happens:** suffer, cause, contract · **To what, where:** economy

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bhutan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tourism industry, economy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bhutan:118
# text = During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bhutan's tourism industry suffered significantly, causing the economy to contract by 10%.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	_
6	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	Bhutan	Bhutan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	tourism	tourism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	significantly	significantly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	contract	contract	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | past | Bhutan's tourism industry |  |  |  | during the COVID pandemic | significantly *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund | Bhutan's tourism industry *not said here* | the economy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **contract** | to-infinitive | the economy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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