---
title: On 13 November 2005, Chinese soldiers crossed into the disputed terr… — Bhutan · tree and pragmatics
description: On 13 November 2005, Chinese soldiers crossed into the disputed territories between China and Bhutan and began building roads and bridges. Who acts: Chinese soldiers. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bhutan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bhutan, sentence 251

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From Wikipedia, [«Bhutan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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On 13 November 2005, Chinese soldiers crossed into the disputed territories between China and Bhutan and began building roads and bridges.

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**Who acts:** Chinese soldiers · **What happens:** cross, dispute, begin, build · **To what, where:** 13, roads

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bhutan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chinese soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bhutan:251
# text = On 13 November 2005, Chinese soldiers crossed into the disputed territories between China and Bhutan and began building roads and bridges.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
3	November	November	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	_
4	2005	2005	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	disputed	dispute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	territories	territory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Bhutan	Bhutan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	building	build	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	xcomp	_	_
20	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	bridges	bridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | Chinese soldiers |  |  | 13  2005  November |  | into the disputed territories between China and Bhutan | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into territory=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **dispute** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **begin** | past | Chinese soldiers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **build** | gerund | Chinese soldiers *not said here* | roads and bridges |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset road=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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