---
title: Bhutan had trade relations with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China… — Bhutan · tree and pragmatics
description: Bhutan had trade relations with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China until 1960, when it closed its border with China after an influx of refugees. Who acts: Bhutan, accord. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bhutan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bhutan, sentence 336

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From Wikipedia, [«Bhutan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Bhutan had trade relations with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China until 1960, when it closed its border with China after an influx of refugees.

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**Who acts:** Bhutan, accord · **What happens:** have, close · **To what, where:** trade relations, border

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bhutan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bhutan, accord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bhutan:336
# text = Bhutan had trade relations with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China until 1960, when it closed its border with China after an influx of refugees.
1	Bhutan	Bhutan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	Tibet	Tibet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	Autonomous	Autonomous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Region	Region	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	until	until	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	closed	close	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	after	after	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	influx	influx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	refugees	refugee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Bhutan | trade relations |  |  | until 1960 | with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relation=Patient |
| 2 | **close** | past | accord | accord's border |  |  | after a influx of refugees | with China | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme border=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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