---
title: Constructing railways in such challenging topography would be extrem… — Bhutan · tree and pragmatics
description: Constructing railways in such challenging topography would be extremely difficult and costly. Who acts: Constructing railways. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bhutan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bhutan, sentence 417

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From Wikipedia, [«Bhutan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Constructing railways in such challenging topography would be extremely difficult and costly.

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**Who acts:** Constructing railways · **What happens:** construct, be

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bhutan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Constructing railways), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bhutan:417
# text = Constructing railways in such challenging topography would be extremely difficult and costly.
1	Constructing	construct	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	railways	railway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	challenging	challenging	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	topography	topography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
9	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **construct** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | would | Constructing railways in such challenging topography |  |  |  |  | difficult, extremely *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Constructing railways in such challenging topography *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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