---
title: Dzongkha is formally written in a variant of Tibetan script, locally… — Bhutan · tree and pragmatics
description: Dzongkha is formally written in a variant of Tibetan script, locally called Chhokey (literally, "Dharma language"), and in informal contexts, in a cursive called Joyig. Who acts: Tibetan script. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bhutan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bhutan, sentence 452

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From Wikipedia, [«Bhutan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Dzongkha is formally written in a variant of Tibetan script, locally called Chhokey (literally, "Dharma language"), and in informal contexts, in a cursive called Joyig.

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**Who acts:** Tibetan script · **What happens:** write, call, vary · **To what, where:** Dzongkha, variant, Tibetan script, cursive · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bhutan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tibetan script), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bhutan:452
# text = Dzongkha is formally written in a variant of Tibetan script, locally called Chhokey (literally, "Dharma language"), and in informal contexts, in a cursive called Joyig.
1	Dzongkha	Dzongkha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	formally	formally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	variant	variant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Tibetan	tibetan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	locally	locally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	Chhokey	Chhokey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Dharma	Dharma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	contexts	context	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	cursive	cursive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
32	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	_
33	Joyig	Joyig	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Dzongkha |  | a variant of Tibetan script |  | informal contexts *parataxis*; formally *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in variant=Destination |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | Tibetan script *not said here* |  |  |  | Chhokey *xcomp*; locally *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | a cursive *not said here* |  |  |  | Joyig *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **vary** |  | Tibetan script |  |  |  |  |  | nom variant «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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