---
title: Early in the 20th century, Colombia had to face devastating conseque… — Bogotá · tree and pragmatics
description: Early in the 20th century, Colombia had to face devastating consequences from the Thousand Days' War, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, and the loss of Panama. Who acts: Colombia, loss, War. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bogotá» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bogotá, sentence 131

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From Wikipedia, [«Bogotá»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogotá), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Early in the 20th century, Colombia had to face devastating consequences from the Thousand Days' War, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, and the loss of Panama.

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**Who acts:** Colombia, loss, War · **What happens:** have, face, last · **To what, where:** loss, devastating consequences, War, 1899

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bogotá». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Colombia, loss, War), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bogotá:131
# text = Early in the 20th century, Colombia had to face devastating consequences from the Thousand Days' War, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, and the loss of Panama.
1	Early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	20th	20th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	Colombia	Colombia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	face	face	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	devastating	devastating	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	consequences	consequence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Thousand	Thousand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Days	Day	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	'	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lasted	last	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	1899	1899	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	1902	1902	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Panama	Panama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Colombia | the loss of Panama |  |  | century | early *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **face** | to-infinitive | the loss of Panama *not said here* | devastating consequences |  | the Thousand Days's War |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme consequence=Destination |
| 3 | **last** | past | the Thousand Days's War |  |  | 1899 to 1902 |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bogotá», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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