---
title: At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores, the Muisca population… — Bogotá · tree and pragmatics
description: At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores, the Muisca population was estimated to be half a million indigenous people on the Bogotá savanna, and up to two million in the Muisca Confederation. Who acts: million indigenous people, Spanish conquistadores. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bogotá» with its 
---

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# Bogotá, sentence 40

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From Wikipedia, [«Bogotá»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogotá), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores, the Muisca population was estimated to be half a million indigenous people on the Bogotá savanna, and up to two million in the Muisca Confederation.

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**Who acts:** million indigenous people, Spanish conquistadores · **What happens:** estimate, be, arrive · **To what, where:** Muisca population, arrival, million

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bogotá». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (million indigenous people, Spanish conquistadores), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bogotá:40
# text = At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores, the Muisca population was estimated to be half a million indigenous people on the Bogotá savanna, and up to two million in the Muisca Confederation.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	conquistadores	conquistadore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Muisca	Muisca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
16	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	18	det:predet	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
19	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:agent	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Bogotá	Bogotá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	savanna	savanna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	up	up	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	compound	_	_
30	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	Muisca	Muisca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	Confederation	confederation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | past · passive | million indigenous people on the Bogotá savanna | the Muisca population |  | the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores |  | to two million in the Muisca Confederation | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute at arrival=Value |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | half million |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **arrive** |  | the Spanish conquistadores |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bogotá», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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