--- title: According to the 1992 European Charter for Regional or Minority Lang… — Bosnia and Herzegovina · tree and pragmatics description: According to the 1992 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML), Bosnia and Herzegovina recognizes the following minority languages: Albanian, Montenegrin, Czech, Italian, Hungarian, Macedonian, German, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Jewis --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/454/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/) / 454 # Bosnia and Herzegovina, sentence 454 From Wikipedia, [«Bosnia and Herzegovina»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. According to the 1992 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML), Bosnia and Herzegovina recognizes the following minority languages: Albanian, Montenegrin, Czech, Italian, Hungarian, Macedonian, German, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (Yiddish and Ladino). **Who acts:** ECRML · **What happens:** accord, recognize, follow · **To what, where:** minority languages This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bosnia and Herzegovina». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ECRML), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina:454 # text = According to the 1992 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML), Bosnia and Herzegovina recognizes the following minority languages: Albanian, Montenegrin, Czech, Italian, Hungarian, Macedonian, German, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Jewish (Yiddish and Ladino). 1 According accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 case _ _ 2 to to ADP IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 4 1992 1992 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 5 European European PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 Charter Charter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Regional Regional PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 Minority minority NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 Languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 12 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 ECRML ECRML PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 Bosnia Bosnia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 Herzegovina Herzegovina PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 19 recognizes recognize VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 amod _ _ 22 minority minority NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 : : PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 25 Albanian Albanian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 Montenegrin Montenegrin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 Czech Czech ADJ NNP Degree=Pos 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 Italian Italian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 Hungarian Hungarian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 35 Macedonian Macedonian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 German German PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 39 Polish Polish PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 Romani Romani PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 43 Romanian Romanian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 45 Rusyn Rusyn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 47 Slovak Slovak PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 49 Slovene Slovene PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 50 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 51 Turkish Turkish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 52 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 53 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 54 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 56 Jewish Jewish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 parataxis _ _ 57 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 58 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 58 Yiddish Yiddish PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 appos _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 Ladino Ladino PROPN NNP Number=Sing 58 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 61 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 58 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 62 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **recognize** | present | ECRML and Bosnia and Herzegovina | minority languages | | | | accord the 1992 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages; Montenegrin and Italian and Hungarian and Macedonian and German and Polish and Romani and Romanian and Rusyn and Slovak and Slovene *parataxis* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus | | 3 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bosnia and Herzegovina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 453](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/453/) - next →: [sentence 455](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/455/) - ↑ back to [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/)