---
title: The Ottoman Empire had started its conquest of Europe and posed a ma… — Bosnia and Herzegovina · tree and pragmatics
description: The Ottoman Empire had started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bosnia and Herzegovina» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bosnia and Herzegovina, sentence 90

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From Wikipedia, [«Bosnia and Herzegovina»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Ottoman Empire had started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century.

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**What happens:** start, pose · **To what, where:** Ottoman Empire, major threat, Balkans

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bosnia and Herzegovina». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina:90
# text = The Ottoman Empire had started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Ottoman	Ottoman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	conquest	conquest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	posed	pose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Balkans	Balkan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	21	amod	_	_
21	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	11	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	15th	15th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past · perfect · passive |  | the Ottoman Empire |  |  |  | Empire's conquest of Europe *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pose** | past |  | a major threat | the Balkans |  | throughout the first half of the 15th century |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent threat=Theme to balkan=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bosnia and Herzegovina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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