---
title: Local laws are developed by local councils and district councils. — Botswana · tree and pragmatics
description: Local laws are developed by local councils and district councils. Who acts: local councils. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Botswana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Botswana, sentence 149

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From Wikipedia, [«Botswana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Local laws are developed by local councils and district councils.

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**Who acts:** local councils · **What happens:** develop · **To what, where:** Local laws

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (local councils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Botswana:149
# text = Local laws are developed by local councils and district councils.
1	Local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	councils	council	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	district	district	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	councils	council	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** | present · passive | local councils and district councils | Local laws |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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- ← previous: [sentence 148](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/148/)
- next →: [sentence 150](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/150/)
- ↑ back to [Botswana](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/)