---
title: Elections in Botswana are held every five years and overseen by the… — Botswana · tree and pragmatics
description: Elections in Botswana are held every five years and overseen by the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). A sentence of Wikipedia's «Botswana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Botswana, sentence 157

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From Wikipedia, [«Botswana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Elections in Botswana are held every five years and overseen by the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).

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**What happens:** hold, oversee · **To what, where:** Elections

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Botswana:157
# text = Elections in Botswana are held every five years and overseen by the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).
1	Elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Botswana	Botswana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
7	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	overseen	oversee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	Independent	Independent	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	Electoral	Electoral	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Commission	Commission	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl:agent	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	IEC	IEC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive |  | Elections in Botswana |  |  | year |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **oversee** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the Independent Electoral Commission *obl:agent* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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