---
title: In 1966, Botswana established the North-West District by merging the… — Botswana · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1966, Botswana established the North-West District by merging the Ngamiland and Chobe regions under a single council. Who acts: Botswana. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Botswana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Botswana, sentence 198

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From Wikipedia, [«Botswana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1966, Botswana established the North-West District by merging the Ngamiland and Chobe regions under a single council.

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**Who acts:** Botswana · **What happens:** establish, merge · **To what, where:** West District, 1966, Ngamiland regions, single council

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Botswana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Botswana:198
# text = In 1966, Botswana established the North-West District by merging the Ngamiland and Chobe regions under a single council.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1966	1966	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Botswana	Botswana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	District	District	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	merging	merge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	Ngamiland	Ngamiland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Chobe	Chobe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | Botswana | the West District |  | 1966 |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent district=Patient |
| 2 | **merge** | gerund | Botswana *not said here* | the Ngamiland regions |  | a single council |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent region=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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