---
title: Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a resul… — Botswana · tree and pragmatics
description: Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a result of recurring budget deficits and rising expenditures on healthcare services. Who acts: result. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Botswana» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/276/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Botswana](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/) / 276

# Botswana, sentence 276

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Botswana»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a result of recurring budget deficits and rising expenditures on healthcare services.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** result · **What happens:** cut, recur, rise · **To what, where:** Economic development spending, 2002, budget deficits, expenditures, healthcare services

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (result), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Botswana:276
# text = Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a result of recurring budget deficits and rising expenditures on healthcare services.
1	Economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	spending	spending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2002	2002	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	2003	2003	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	recurring	recur	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
18	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	deficits	deficit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	_
22	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past · passive |  | Economic development spending |  | 2002 – 2003 |  | as a result | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **recur** | gerund | a result *not said here* | budget deficits |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rise** | gerund | a result *not said here* | expenditures |  | healthcare services |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location expenditure=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 275](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/275/)
- next →: [sentence 277](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/277/)
- ↑ back to [Botswana](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/)