---
title: The cityscape of Bratislava is characterized by medieval towers and… — Bratislava · tree and pragmatics
description: The cityscape of Bratislava is characterized by medieval towers and grandiose 20th-century buildings, but it underwent profound changes in a construction boom at the start of the 21st century. Who acts: cityscape. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bratislava» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bratislava, sentence 156

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From Wikipedia, [«Bratislava»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The cityscape of Bratislava is characterized by medieval towers and grandiose 20th-century buildings, but it underwent profound changes in a construction boom at the start of the 21st century.

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**Who acts:** cityscape · **What happens:** characterize, change, start · **To what, where:** cityscape, construction boom, 21st century

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bratislava». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cityscape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bratislava:156
# text = The cityscape of Bratislava is characterized by medieval towers and grandiose 20th-century buildings, but it underwent profound changes in a construction boom at the start of the 21st century.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cityscape	cityscape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Bratislava	Bratislava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	characterized	characterize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	grandiose	grandiose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
12	20th	20th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	underwent	underwent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	profound	profound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	boom	boom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	at	at	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	21st	21st	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	32	amod	_	_
32	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **characterize** | present · passive |  | the cityscape of Bratislava |  |  |  | by medieval towers and grandiose century buildings | vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **change** |  | cityscape |  |  | a construction boom |  | at the start of the 21st century | tree rules |
| 3 | **start** |  |  | the 21st century |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bratislava», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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