---
title: Areas comprising what is now Brunei participated in the Maritime Jad… — Brunei · tree and pragmatics
description: Areas comprising what is now Brunei participated in the Maritime Jade Road, as ascertained by archaeological research. Who acts: Areas, Brunei. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Brunei» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Brunei, sentence 38

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From Wikipedia, [«Brunei»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Areas comprising what is now Brunei participated in the Maritime Jade Road, as ascertained by archaeological research.

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**Who acts:** Areas, Brunei · **What happens:** comprise, be, ascertain · **To what, where:** Areas, Maritime Jade Road

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Brunei». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Areas, Brunei), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Brunei:38
# text = Areas comprising what is now Brunei participated in the Maritime Jade Road, as ascertained by archaeological research.
1	Areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	comprising	comprise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
6	Brunei	Brunei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	participated	participate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	Maritime	maritime	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Jade	Jade	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Road	Road	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	ascertained	ascertain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	archaeological	archaeological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | gerund | Areas *not said here* | Areas |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme what=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | Brunei |  |  | the Maritime Jade Road | now | participate *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **ascertain** | participle | Brunei *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by archaeological research | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Brunei», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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