---
title: Initially, Malay was written in the Jawi script before it switched t… — Brunei · tree and pragmatics
description: Initially, Malay was written in the Jawi script before it switched to the Latin alphabet around 1941. Who acts: language. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Brunei» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Brunei, sentence 407

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From Wikipedia, [«Brunei»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Initially, Malay was written in the Jawi script before it switched to the Latin alphabet around 1941.

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**Who acts:** language · **What happens:** write, switch · **To what, where:** Malay, Jawi script, 1941

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Brunei». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Brunei:407
# text = Initially, Malay was written in the Jawi script before it switched to the Latin alphabet around 1941.
1	Initially	initially	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Malay	Malay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Jawi	Jawi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	switched	switch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	around	around	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	1941	1941	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | Malay |  | the Jawi script |  | initially *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in script=Destination |
| 2 | **switch** | past | language |  |  | 1941 |  | to the Latin alphabet *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to alphabet=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Brunei», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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