---
title: Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural… — Bucharest · tree and pragmatics
description: Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural, but after 1989, suburbs started to be built around Bucharest, in the surrounding Ilfov County. Who acts: regions, suburbs. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bucharest» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bucharest, sentence 106

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From Wikipedia, [«Bucharest»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural, but after 1989, suburbs started to be built around Bucharest, in the surrounding Ilfov County.

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**Who acts:** regions, suburbs · **What happens:** surround, be, start, build · **To what, where:** Bucharest

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bucharest». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (regions, suburbs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bucharest:106
# text = Until recently, the regions surrounding Bucharest were largely rural, but after 1989, suburbs started to be built around Bucharest, in the surrounding Ilfov County.
1	Until	until	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
6	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	Bucharest	Bucharest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1989	1989	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	suburbs	suburb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
21	around	around	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Bucharest	Bucharest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	amod	_	_
27	Ilfov	Ilfov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	County	County	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | gerund | the regions *not said here* | Bucharest |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bucharest=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the regions |  |  |  |  | largely, rural *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **start** | past | suburbs |  |  |  | after 1989 |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **build** | to-infinitive · passive | suburbs *not said here* |  |  | Bucharest |  | in the surrounding Ilfov County | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: in county=Attribute |
| 5 | **surround** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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