---
title: In the 21st century, many of Ilfov county's villages and communes de… — Bucharest · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 21st century, many of Ilfov county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest. Who acts: income commuter towns. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bucharest» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bucharest, sentence 108

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From Wikipedia, [«Bucharest»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 21st century, many of Ilfov county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest.

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**Who acts:** income commuter towns · **What happens:** develop, act · **To what, where:** county villages, income commuter towns

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bucharest». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (income commuter towns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bucharest:108
# text = In the 21st century, many of Ilfov county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	21st	21st	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	Ilfov	Ilfov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	county	county	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	communes	commune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	income	income	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	commuter	commuter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	act	act	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	suburbs	suburb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	satellites	satellite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Bucharest	Bucharest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** | participle |  | county villages and communes *not said here* |  | income commuter towns |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient into town=Product |
| 2 | **act** | present | income commuter towns |  |  |  |  | like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent like suburb=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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