---
title: The interaction of climatic, hydrological, geological and topographi… — Bulgaria · tree and pragmatics
description: The interaction of climatic, hydrological, geological and topographical conditions has produced a relatively wide variety of plant and animal species. Who acts: climatic hydrological conditions. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bulgaria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bulgaria, sentence 159

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From Wikipedia, [«Bulgaria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The interaction of climatic, hydrological, geological and topographical conditions has produced a relatively wide variety of plant and animal species.

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**Who acts:** climatic hydrological conditions · **What happens:** produce, interact · **To what, where:** interaction

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (climatic hydrological conditions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bulgaria:159
# text = The interaction of climatic, hydrological, geological and topographical conditions has produced a relatively wide variety of plant and animal species.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interaction	interaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
4	climatic	climatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	hydrological	hydrological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	geological	geological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	topographical	topographical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
11	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	relatively	relatively	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present · perfect · passive |  | the interaction of climatic hydrological conditions |  |  |  | plant and animal species *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **interact** |  | climatic hydrological conditions |  |  |  |  |  | nom interaction «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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