---
title: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 resulted in the formation of the th… — Bulgaria · tree and pragmatics
description: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 resulted in the formation of the third and current Bulgarian state, which declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Who acts: Russo Turkish War, third Bulgarian state. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bulgaria» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Bulgaria, sentence 16

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From Wikipedia, [«Bulgaria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 resulted in the formation of the third and current Bulgarian state, which declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908.

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**Who acts:** Russo Turkish War, third Bulgarian state · **What happens:** result, declare · **To what, where:** formation, independence, Ottoman Empire

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russo Turkish War, third Bulgarian state), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bulgaria:16
# text = The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 resulted in the formation of the third and current Bulgarian state, which declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Russo	Russo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Turkish	Turkish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	78	78	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
10	resulted	result	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
16	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	Bulgarian	bulgarian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	Ottoman	Ottoman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	1908	1908	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | participle | the Russo Turkish War |  |  | the formation of the third Bulgarian state |  | of 1877 – 78 | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in formation=Location |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the third Bulgarian state | independence |  | the Ottoman Empire |  | in 1908 | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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