---
title: From a largely agricultural country with a predominantly rural popul… — Bulgaria · tree and pragmatics
description: From a largely agricultural country with a predominantly rural population in 1948, by the 1980s Bulgaria had transformed into an industrial economy, with scientific and technological research at the top of its budgetary expenditure priorities. Who acts: Bulgaria. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bulgaria»
---

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# Bulgaria, sentence 278

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From Wikipedia, [«Bulgaria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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From a largely agricultural country with a predominantly rural population in 1948, by the 1980s Bulgaria had transformed into an industrial economy, with scientific and technological research at the top of its budgetary expenditure priorities.

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**Who acts:** Bulgaria · **What happens:** transform · **To what, where:** agricultural country

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bulgaria), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bulgaria:278
# text = From a largely agricultural country with a predominantly rural population in 1948, by the 1980s Bulgaria had transformed into an industrial economy, with scientific and technological research at the top of its budgetary expenditure priorities.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	predominantly	predominantly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1948	1948	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	1980s	1980s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	19	obl	_	_
17	Bulgaria	Bulgaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	transformed	transform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	industrial	industrial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	technological	technological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
29	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
35	budgetary	budgetary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	priorities	priority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transform** | past · perfect | Bulgaria |  |  | a agricultural country with a rural population in 1948 |  | by the 1980s; into a industrial economy *result*; with scientific research at the top of economy's budgetary expenditure priorities | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Patient from country=Initial\_State into economy=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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