---
title: Despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture, the remaining Bu… — Bulgaria · tree and pragmatics
description: Despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture, the remaining Bulgarian rump states—two tsardoms at Vidin and Tarnovo and the Despotate of Dobrudzha—became easy prey for a new threat arriving from the Southeast: the Ottoman Turks. Who acts: two tsardoms, new threat. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Bu
---

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# Bulgaria, sentence 79

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From Wikipedia, [«Bulgaria»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture, the remaining Bulgarian rump states—two tsardoms at Vidin and Tarnovo and the Despotate of Dobrudzha—became easy prey for a new threat arriving from the Southeast: the Ottoman Turks.

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**Who acts:** two tsardoms, new threat · **What happens:** become, arrive · **To what, where:** easy prey, Southeast

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two tsardoms, new threat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Bulgaria:79
# text = Despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture, the remaining Bulgarian rump states—two tsardoms at Vidin and Tarnovo and the Despotate of Dobrudzha—became easy prey for a new threat arriving from the Southeast: the Ottoman Turks.
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	resurgence	resurgence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	remaining	remaining	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	Bulgarian	bulgarian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	rump	rump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	tsardoms	tsardom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Vidin	Vidin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Tarnovo	Tarnovo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Despotate	Despotate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Dobrudzha	Dobrudzha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	xcomp	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
36	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	35	acl	_	_
37	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	Ottoman	ottoman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	Turks	Turk	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | two tsardoms at Vidin and Tarnovo and the Despotate of Dobrudzha | easy prey for a new threat |  |  |  | despite a brief resurgence in the arts and culture and the remaining Bulgarian rump states; the Ottoman Turks *obl* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **arrive** | gerund | a new threat *not said here* |  |  | the Southeast |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from southeast=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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