---
title: Although Cairo avoided Europe's stagnation during the Late Middle Ag… — Cairo · tree and pragmatics
description: Although Cairo avoided Europe's stagnation during the Late Middle Ages, it could not escape the Black Death, which struck the city more than fifty times between 1348 and 1517. Who acts: Cairo, stagnation, Black Death, Europe. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cairo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cairo, sentence 108

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From Wikipedia, [«Cairo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Although Cairo avoided Europe's stagnation during the Late Middle Ages, it could not escape the Black Death, which struck the city more than fifty times between 1348 and 1517.

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**Who acts:** Cairo, stagnation, Black Death, Europe · **What happens:** avoid, not escape, strike, stagnate · **To what, where:** stagnation, Black Death, city

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cairo, stagnation, Black Death, Europe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cairo:108
# text = Although Cairo avoided Europe's stagnation during the Late Middle Ages, it could not escape the Black Death, which struck the city more than fifty times between 1348 and 1517.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
4	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	stagnation	stagnation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
11	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Death	Death	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	27	advmod	_	_
26	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	between	between	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	1348	1348	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	1517	1517	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | past | Cairo | Europe's stagnation |  |  | during the Late Middle Ages |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent stagnation=Location |
| 2 | **not** **escape** | could | stagnation | the Black Death |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme death=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **strike** | past | the Black Death | the city |  |  | time | between 1348 | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient |
| 4 | **stagnate** |  | Europe |  |  |  |  |  | nom stagnation «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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