---
title: Cairo is served by its "white taxis" which were introduced in the ea… — Cairo · tree and pragmatics
description: Cairo is served by its "white taxis" which were introduced in the early 2010s and aren't run by a company, but rather by individuals. Who acts: individuals, company. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Cairo» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Cairo, sentence 381

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From Wikipedia, [«Cairo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Cairo is served by its "white taxis" which were introduced in the early 2010s and aren't run by a company, but rather by individuals.

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**Who acts:** individuals, company · **What happens:** serve, introduce, not run · **To what, where:** Cairo, white taxis, early 2010s

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Cairo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (individuals, company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Cairo:381
# text = Cairo is served by its "white taxis" which were introduced in the early 2010s and aren't run by a company, but rather by individuals.
1	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	taxis	taxi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	2010s	2010	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	individuals	individual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present · passive | individuals | Cairo |  |  |  | by control's white taxis | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **introduce** | past · passive |  | control's white taxis |  | the early 2010s |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **run** | present · passive | a company |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Cairo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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